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ANTIETAM 



REPORT 



of 



THE OHIO 

ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD 

COMMISSION 



by 

D. CUNNINGHAM, 

Late Major 30th Ohio Infantry 

and 

W. W. MILLER, 

Late Captain 8th Ohio Infantry, 
President and Secretary of the Commission. 



rA 






SPRINGFIEIiD PUBMSHING COMPANT, 
STATE PRINTERS, 



SPRISTGniStr), OHIO. 
1004. 



Gift 
Author 

s om 



^?'^ 




TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE. 

Letter Transmitting Report of tlie Oliio Battlefield Commission. 

to the Governor 1 

Campaign Leading Up to the Battle of Antietam 3 

Battle of Antietam 6 

Results of the Campaign 13 

Positions Occupied by the Troops at the Battle of Antietam 15 

Authority for Erecting Monuments on the Battlefield 18 

Appointment of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission 21 

History of McKinley Monument on Battlefield 25 

Historical Sketches 29 

Dedication of Monuments 102 

Financial Statement 150 



INDEX 



A 

PAGE. 

Antietam, Battle of 6 

Allen, Josiah, B., Secretary of Commission to Locate Monuments 15 

Authority for Erecting Monuments on the Battlefield 18 

Appointment of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission 21 

B 

Battle of Antietam, Campaign Leading Up to the 3 

Battle of Antietam 6 

Bolsf ord, J. S., President of Commission to Locate Monuments 15 

C 

Campaign Leading Up to the Battle of Antietam 3 

Campaign, Results of the 13 

Commission to Locate Monuments — 

Report of 15 

President of, J. S. Bolsford 15 

Secretary of, Josiah B. Allen 15 

Cunningham, Major David, Member of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield 

Commission 21 

Address by 109 

D 

Dedication of Monuments 102 

Dedication of Ohio Monuments, Program of the 104 

E 

Erecting Monuments on the Battlefield, Authority for 18 



VI INDEX. 

F 

PAGE. 

Finn, Comrade John, Remarks of 141 

Frey, Colonel, Remarks of 145 

Financial Statement 150 

H 

History of McKinley Monument on Battlefield 25 

Historical Sketches — 

Fifth Ohio Infanty— By John B. Hoffman, Cincinnati 30 

Seventh Ohio Infantry— By Sergeant Lawrence Wilson, Wash- 
ington, D. C 38 

Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry— By General Eugene Powell, Columbus 41 

Eighth Ohio Infantry— By E. T. Naylor, Tiffin 50 

Eleventh Ohio Infantry— By Thomas L. Steward, Dayton 53 

Twelfth Ohio Infantry— By Captain R. B. Wilson, Toledo 58 

Twenty-third Ohio Infantry— By D. H. Kimberly, Cleveland . . 66 
Twenty-eighth Ohio Infantry— By S. Rosenthal, Cincinnati.. 71 
Thirtieth Ohio Infantry— By Major J. T. Moore, Barnesville. . 75 
Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry— By Sergeant John T. Booth, Cin- 
cinnati 82 

First Ohio Independent Battery— By J. D. Greason, Shawnee, 

Oklahoma 96 

Hamilton, General Ian, Remarks of 132 

K 

Kimberly, D. H., Member of Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission 21 

Kriebel, Reverend 0. S.— Invocation 104 

Kennedy, General R. P., Address by 117 

L 

Letter Transmitting Report of the Ohio Battlefield Commission to 

the Governor 1 

Letter of Regret from President Theodore Roosevelt 103 

M 
Miller, Captain W. W., Member of Ohio Antietam Battlefield Com- 



mission 



21 



Report of Secretary 106 



INDEX. VII 

PAGE. 

Moore, J. T., Member of Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission.. 21 

McKinley Monument on Battlefield, History of 25 

Monuments, Dedication of 102 

N 

Naylor, E. T., Member of Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission.. 21 
Nash, Governor George K., Address by 112 

O 

Ohio Troops at the Battle of Antietam, Positions Occupied by 15 

Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission, Appointment of the 21 

Oliver, General R. S., Acting Secretary of War, Washington, D. C... 116 

P 

Positions Occupiied by Ohio Troops at the Battle of Antietam 15 

Program of the Dedication of Ohio Monuments — 

Invocation, Reverend O. S. Kriebel 104 

Report of the Secretary, Captain W. W. Miller 106 

Address by Major David Cunningham 109 

Address by Governor George K. Nash 112 

Remarks of General R. S. Oliver 116 

Address by General R. P. Kennedy 117 

Remarks ot General Hamilton 132 

Address by General Eugene Powell 133 

Reading of Major O. J. Crane's Report, Dr. Lawrence Wilson.. 139 

Remarks of Comrade John Finn 141 

Remarks of Colonel Frey 145 

Closing Prayer by Chaplain W. R. Parsons 148 

Powell, General Eugene, Address by 133 

Parsons, Chaplain W. R., Closing Prayer by 148 

R 

Report of the Ohio Battlefield Commission to the Govei'nor, Letter 

Transmitting 1 

Results of the Campaign 13 

Report of the Commission 15 

Roosevelt, President Theodore, Letter of Regret from 103 



VI 11 INDEX. 

W 

Fage. 

West, T. J., Tiffin, Member of Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission 21 
Wilson, Dr. Lawrence, Reading of Major O. J. Crane's Report 139 




SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, NATIONAL CEMETERY, 

SHARPSBURG, MD. 



Columbus^ Ohio^ December 30, 1903. 

Hon. George K. Nash, Governor of Ohio: 
Sir: 
The Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission, appointed by 
you under the Act passed by the Seventy-fifth General Assembly 
of Ohio, May 12, 1902, having completed the duties devolved upon 
it by law, begs leave to submit the following report, showing the 
work done by the Commission under and in pursuance of your 
appointment and the law prescribing its duties. 

Respectfully submitted, 

D. Cunningham, President, 
W. W. Miller, Secretary, 

D. H. KiMBERLEY, 

James T. Moore, 

E. T. Naylor, 

Commission. 



2 o. at A. 



1 


Campaign Leading Up 

to the 

Battle of Antietam 


1 



THE morning of September 2, 1862, found the baffled Army 
of the Potomac, just back from Richmond, reunited with 
the broken and defeated army of General Pope, within the fortifi- 
cations about Washington, with General Geo. B. McClellan again 
in chief command. 

The Ohio troops there present, who afterward participated 
in the Battle of Antietam, were the 5tli, 7th, and 66th Ohio In- 
fantry, who formed a part of the ist Brigade, 2d Division, 12th 
Army Corps, and the 8th Ohio Infantry, attached to 3d Brigade, 
3d Division, 2d Army Corps, all of which had participated 
actively in the campaign and fighting in front of Richmond, 
Second Battle of Bull Run, also the Kanawha Division, attached 
temporarily to the 9th Army Corps, and consisting of the nth, 
1 2th, 23d, 28th, 30th and 36th Ohio Infantry, and Captain Mc- 
Mullens, ist Ohio Independent Battery of Light Artillery, which 
latter division had been hurriedly brought from the Kanawha 
Valley of West Virginia in time to participate in the fighting 
under General Pope about Manassas and Bull Run. 

The Confederate Army, under General Robert E. Lee, on 
September 2, 1862, occupied a position in and about Fairfax, 
Virginia, but immediately disappeared from the Union front, 
and by the 5th of September it was definitely known by General 



OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



McClellan that General Lee had determined to invade Maryland 
and the North by way of the Cumberland Valley, and was rap- 
idly moving his entire army in that direction; on the 6th the 
Union Army had crossed the Potomac and the march through 
Maryland was taken up with a view of intercepting and counter- 
acting Lee's movement. The Kanawha Division of Ohio troops 
was given the advance of McClellan's army, and on the evening 
of the 1 2th of September drove the Confederate advance out of 
Frederick, Md. 

On the 13th the rebels occupied all the passes over the South 
Mountain range from Harper's Ferry to Turner's Gap on the 
National road near Boonsboro, Md. On the 14th the 9th Corps, 
the Kanawha Division bearing the brunt of the fighting, drove 
the enemy from Fox's Pass, while Hooker succeeded in dislodg- 
ing them from Turner's Gap, resulting in severe loss to the Con- 
federate Army, both positions being naturally strong and the 
fighting obstinate and prolonged at both points. 

In the early morning of the 15th General Franklin succeeded, 
after a hard fight, in forcing the Confederates, under General 
Howell Cobb, from Crampton's Gap, six miles from Harper's 
Ferry, and was through the pass four hours before the surrender 
of General Miles on Bolivar Heights. 

On the night of the 14th, Lee withdrew his forces from 
South Mountain, concentrating his army west of Antietam Creek, 
his right extending south below what is now known as Burnside's 
bridge over said creek, his center resting in front of the village 
of Sharpsburg, Maryland, and extending north in the direction 
of the Dunker church, his left extending in front of and north 
of said church, his extreme left being refused and resting near 
a bend of the Potomac River. 

On the morning of the 15th the Union advance from South 
Mountain was preceded by the cavalry, led by General Pleasanton, 
which overtook the rebel cavalry beyond and near Boonsboro, 



||: 



CAMPAIGN LEADING UP TO THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 5 

charging and routing it, capturing two guns and two hundred 
and fifty prisoners. The infantry followed close after the cav- 
alry, Hooker marching from Turner's Pass to Boonsboro, and 
Burnside by the road leading from Fox's Pass direct to Keedys- 
ville. Before night the Union Army occupied the east bank of 
Antietam Creek, the left resting at a point opposite Burnside's 
bridge, the center in front of Keedysville and the extreme right 
near the upper bridge, a mile north of Keedysville. 



OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



^€ 


Battle of Antietam 


^^ 



THE 1 6th of September, except for frequent artillery duels, 
was comparatively free from fighting. On the afternoon 
of that day General McClellan established his headquarters at the 
Fry house, situate about half way between the upper and middle 
bridges crossing Antietam Creek, His plan of battle, in brief, was 
to attack the Confederate left early in the morning of the 17th with 
the corps of Hooker and Mansfield, supported by Sumner's and, 
if necessary, by Franklin's; if the movement there should prove 
reasonably successful and promising, then to move the 9th Corps 
against its extreme right, and whenever either of these move- 
ments should prove successful to advance the center with all the 
forces at his disposal. 

In the afternoon of the i6th, IMcClellan ordered Hooker to 
cross the Antietam at the upper bridge and ford and to attack 
the enemy's left; he also ordered Sumner to cross Mansfield's 
Corps, the 12th, during the night, and to hold the 2d in readiness 
to cross early the next morning. 

At 4 p. m. of the i6th Hooker moved, crossing Antietam 
without opposition; marching to the north and west, he struck 
the rebel pickets, which was followed by heavy fighting during 
the evening, with no particular result on either side. Hooker's 
Corps passed the night near the intersection of the Hagerstown 
pike and Williamsport road, in line of battle, astride the turnpike 
and facing to the south. Mansfield crossed over during the 



BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 4 

night and encamped about one mile in rear of Hooker ; promptly 
at daylight Hooker hurled his corps against the iron soldiers of 
Stonewall Jackson and gradually drove the Confederates from 
the east woods into the west woods ; Mansfield's Corps, becoming 
engaged about 7 :30 o'clock in the morning, succeeded in forcing the 
enemy from the cornfield for the second time and drove them 
into the woods beyond the Dunker church, and thus the fighting 
went on, with varying success and with heavy loss on both sides, 
Mansfield being killed and Hooker himself being shot through 
the foot, was compelled to leave the field about 9 a. m., both sides 
being then measurably exhausted and fought out. At this time 
Sumner appeared with the Second Corps and assumed chief 
command, and the fighting became terrific in and about what is 
known as the sunken road or bloody lane, and extending further 
toward the center. By noon the fighting on this part of the 
field had measurably ceased, both sides being exhausted. About 
I o'clock, Burnside, on the left, had succeeded in crossing the 
Antietam at three different points, having captured the bridge 
by direct assault and forced a crossing both above and below the 
same, afterwards driving the enemy into the village of Sharps- 
burg. The Union line of battle later was established behind a 
stone fence on what is now known as Rodman avenue. A fresh 
division of Lee's army, arriving on the field just at this time, was 
thrown in on the left flank of Burnside's Corps, opening a de- 
structive enfilading fire. The Union line, for that reason, and 
being largely outnumbered, was, late in the evening, compelled 
to fall back in some confusion to the ridge about a quarter of a 
mile in front of the bridge. The fighting was very severe on 
this part of the line during the entire afternoon. The misfortune 
was that it occurred too late in the day. The crossing should have 
been made early in the morning. Wihen fighting ceased on the 
left, the Battle of Antietam was over, and so ended the most 
bloody day that America ever saw. 



8 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The next day, the i8th, was giren over to picket firing. At 
night Lee, with his entire army, quietly stole across the Potomac, 
and the invasion of Maryland was a thing of the past. 

No one, who did not visit the field immediately after the 
smoke of battle had cleared away, can have the remotest con- 
ception of the horror of the carnage and the severity of the fight- 
ing. To Captain Noyes we owe the best description of the bat- 
tlefield upon the right of the army that has been written. His 
description of the appearance of the field on the right will apply 
in all its general details, with equal force and truthfulness, to 
the conditions on the center and left. Death, destruction, mutila- 
tion everywhere ! 

Captain Noyes says: "Through torn up cornfields, robbed 
of their tasseled grain by hungry horses and hungry men, 
past farm houses, barns and outhouses crowded with the 
wounded, I came to a quiet little grove near the roadside, and 
here I found my train. How charming to my jaded senses ap- 
peared the scene. At a camp fire sat the teamsters, cooking their 
noontide meal of mutton, potatoes and coflFee. The horses stood 
half asleep, tethered to the wagons. It was a sudden and quick 
transition from the battlefield, with its constant strain of excite- 
ment, to a picnic in peaceful woods. My route carried me over 
the late battlefield, and I spent much of the afternoon, part of 
the time in company of a friend, in visiting some of the most 
severely contested points, to be awestruck, sickened, almost be- 
numbed with its sights of horror. Within this space of little 
more than a mile square — this spot, once beautiful with hand- 
some residences and well cultivated farms, isolated, hedged in 
with verdure, sacred to quiet, calm content, the hottest fury of 
man's hottest wrath had expended itself, burning residences and 
well filled barns, plowing fields of ripening grain with artillery, 
scattering everywhere, through cornfield, wood and valley, the 
most awful illustrations of war. Not a building about us which 



BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. » 

was not deserted by its occupants and rent and torn by shot and 
shell; not a field which had not witnessed the fierce and bloody 
encounter of armed and desperate men. 

"Let us first turn off to the left of the Hagerstown turnpike ; 
but we must ride very slowly and carefully, for lying all through 
this cornfield are the victims of the hardest contest of our division. 
Can it be that these are the bodies of our late antagonists ? Their 
faces are so absolutely black that I said to myself at first, 'This 
must have been a negro regiment.' Their eyes are protruding 
from the sockets ; their heads, hands and limbs are swollen to 
twice the natural size. 

"Passing through this cornfield, with the dead lying all 
through its aisles, out into an uncultivated field beyond, I saw 
bodies, attired mainly in rebel gray, lying in ranks so regular 
tliat death, the reaper, must have mowed them down in swaths. 
Our burying parties were already busily engaged, and had put 
away to rest many of our own men; still here, as everywhere, I 
saw them scattered over the field. The ground was strewn with 
muskets, knapsacks, cartridge boxes and articles of clothing, 
the carcasses of horses and thousands of shot and shell. And so 
it was on the other side of the turnpike, nay, in the turnpike 
itself. Ride where we may, through cornfield, wood or ravine, 
and our ride will be among the dead, until the heart grows 
sick and faint with horror. Here, close to the road, where the 
haystacks, near which our general and staff paused for a while 
when the division was farthest advanced, and here, at the comer 
of the barn, lay one of our men, killed by a shell, which had 
well nigh proved fatal to them also. 

"Just in front of these haystacks was the only pleasing 
picture on this battlefield — a fine horse, struck with death at the 
instant when, cut down by his wound, he was attempting to 
rise from the ground. His head was half lifted, his neck proudly 
arched ; every muscle seemed replete with animal life. The wound 



10 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

which killed him was wholly concealed from view, so that I 
had to ride up close before I could believe him dead. Hun- 
dreds of his kind lay upon the field, but all were repulsive save 
himself, and he was the admire;d of every passerby. Two weeks 
afterward I found myself pausing to gaze upon him, and always 
with the wish that some sculptor would immortalize in stone 
this magnificent animal, in the exact pose of his death hour. 
One would like to see something from a battlefield not wholly 
terrible. 

"Over this graveyard of the unburied dead we reached a 
wood, every tree pierced with shot or cut with bullets, and 
came to the little brick Dunker church on the turnpike. This 
must have been a focal point in the battle, for a hundred round 
shot had pierced its walls, while bullets by thousands have 
scarred and battered it. A little crowd of soldiers was stand- 
ing about it, and within a few severely wounded rebels were 
stretched on the benches, one of whom was raving in his agony. 
Surgical aid and proper attendance had already been furnished, 
and we did not join the throng of curious visitors within. Out 
in the grove behind the little church the dead had been collected 
in groups, waiting for burial, some of them wearing our own 
uniform, but the large majority dressed in gray. No matter in 
what direction we turn, it was all the same shocking picture, 
awakening awe rather than pity, benumbing the senses rather 
than touching the heart, glazing the eye with horror rather than 
filling it with tears. 

"I had, however, seen many a poor fellow during my ride, 
something in whose position or appearance had caused me to 
pause; and here, lying side by side with three others, I saw a 
young rebel officer, his face less discolored than the rest, whose 
features and expression called forth my earnest sympathy, not 
so much for him as for those who in his southern home shall 
see him no more, forever. No one among the burying party knew 



BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 11 

his name, and before night he was laid in a trench with the rest — 
no headstone to mark his resting place — one of the three thou- 
sand rebel dead who fill nameless graves upon this battlefield. So 
ends the brief madness which sent him hither to fight against a 
government he knew only by its blessings, against his northern 
brothers, who never desired to encroach upon a single right 
or institution of his, who were willing that he should hug to 
his breast forever the Nessus shirt of slavery, asking only that he 
should not insist upon forcing its poison folds over their shoulders 
also. 

"So disappears the beloved of some sad hearts, another 
victim of that implacable Nemesis, who thus avenges upon the 
white man the wrongs of the black, and smiles with horrid sat- 
isfaction as this fearful game of war goes on. 

"Very slowly, as men move through the burial place of the 
dead, we rode through the woods at the back of the church and 
reached the rocky citadel behind which crouched the enemy to 
receive our charging battalions, sweeping their ranks with de- 
struction and compelling their retreat. 

"I was astonished to see how cunningly nature had laid 
up her long series of rocky ledges breast high for the protec- 
tion of the rebel line. In front of this breastwork we found 
a majority of the dead dressed in blue. At this point also com- 
menced a long barricade of fence rails, piled closely to pro- 
tect the rebel line, and stretching off toward the north. Here 
is one more evidence of the use to which the rebel generals 
put every spare moment of time and of their admirable choice 
of positions. 

"One more scene in this battle picture must be seen, and 
with a visit to it our ride may end. It is a narrow country lane, 
hollowed out somewhat between the fields, partially shaded, and 
now literally crowded with rebel corpses. Here they stood in 
line of battle, and here, in the length of five hundred feet, I 



12 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

counted more than two hundred of their dead. In every atti- 
tude conceivable, some piled in groups of four or six ; some grasp- 
ing their muskets as if in the act of discharging them; some, 
evidently officers, killed while encouraging their men ; some lying 
in the position of calm repose, all black and swollen and ghastly 
with wounds. This battalion of the dead filled the lane with 
horror. As we rode beside it — we could not ride in it — I saw 
the field all about me black with corpses, and they told me that 
the cornfield beyond was equally crowded. It was a place to 
see once, to glance at, and then to ride hurriedly away, for, strong 
hearted as was then my mood, I had gazed upon as much horror 
as I was able to bear." 



RESULTS OF THE CAMPAIGN. 13 



t 


Results of the Campaign 


t 



WHILE the North was somewhat disappointed that more 
substantial results had not been accomplished, that Lee's 
army had not been captured or more severely crippled, yet the 
South, and especially General Lee, had much more reason to 
feel disappointed. Lee's losses during the campaign footed up 
fully thirty thousand men. Against this he had to show the 
capture of Harper's Ferry, but in every other particular his cam- 
paign had been a failure. It led the North to suspect, what 
his disastrous Gettysburg campaign the next year ripened into 
a certainty, that while he might be and was a successful gen- 
eral fighting on the defensive behind breastworks, when he was 
away from his breastworks, contending in the open, conducting 
an aggressive campaign, he was a comparative failure. 

Lee inaugurated the campaign in the beUef that the State 
of Maryland was only awaiting a fitting opportunity to break 
the ties that bound her to the Union, that her young men were 
anxious to rally under the flag of the Confederacy, and that he 
had only to appear with his victorious army within her bor- 
ders to cause the whole people to go wild with enthusiasm for 
the cause of disunion, and believing that with the assistance of 
her citizens he could organize a hostile state government in 
rear of Washington and thus, with the aid of his army, cut the 
capital off from the North, compel its abandonment. Having 
that end in view, he issued his famous Frederick proclamation 



14 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

of September 8th, in which he set forth in graphic language 
the wrongs under which the people of Maryland were suffering 
at the hands of the National Government, and that his mission 
among them was to free them from the yoke; but his stirring 
sentences fell on deaf ears; her young men displayed no great 
zeal to enroll themselves in his army. In fact, enlistments were 
insignificant in numbers, not equaling the desertions, and the 
well to do among her citizens appeared to be more anxious to 
convey their horses and personal property beyond his reach than 
to assist him in the organization of a hostile state. 

As a political move his invasion was an utter failure, totally 
barren of good results, so far as the rebel cause was concerned. 



POSITIONS OCCUPIED BY TROOPS AT BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 16 



Positions Occupied by Ohio 
Troops at the Battle of Antietam 



IN pursuance of the request made to the Governor of Ohio by 
the National Battlefield Commission that he should appoint 
a commission of ex-soldiers from that State to co-operate with 
them in locating the positions on the battlefield of Antietam occu- 
pied by the various military organizations from Ohio during said 
engagement, Governor William McKinley, early in December, 
1894, designated a number of persons for that purpose, who 
afterward visited said field and made their report, as follows: 

REPORT OF COMMISSION 

Hon. William McKinley, Governor of Ohio: 

As Secretary of the Commission appointed by your honor to 
indicate to the Board, appointed by an Act of Congress, the posi- 
tion of the Ohio regiments on the battlefield of Antietam, Sep- 
tember 17, 1862, I beg leave to make the following report: 

On December 12, 1894, your Committee met as per your 
instruction, on the battlefield of Antietam, the following mem- 
bers of the Committee being present : 

5th O. V. I. 
S. Coddington, Newton, Hamilton County, O. 



16 OHIO AT AXTIETAM. 

J. B. 1I>U— MI* NOk SSS mtlsw At«« CkmlKBd, Q. 
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V. I. was not represented on the Gonmntte^ 
--- r*-- -miiffaoB located the advanced po- 

The 3i6di O. V. I rar cseu te d on die Omndttee. 

'.X Com: -jwever, bad no difiScoltjr 

: -m^ the battle. 



POSITIONS OCCUPIED BY TROOPS AT BATTLE OF AXTIETAM. 17 

Your Gjmmittee, accompanied by General E. A. Carman, 
Historical Expert appointed by Congress, passed over the entire 
line, and, as the different points were located. General Carman 
marked the spots with boards, which were numbered. These 
numbers were duly recorded and a survey made of the field, all 
points being noted in the survey, so diat there can be no mis- 
take hereafter as to their location. 

The great majority of this Committee are poor men and 
request that you suggest to the L^;islature an appropriation for 
expenses incurred during this trip, which is estimated at $40 eadu 

Respectfully submitted, 

J. S. BoLSFORD, President. 
JosiAH B. Allex, Secretary. 



^ 0. at A. 



18 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



Authority for Erecting Monu- 
ments on the Antietam Battlefield 



THE following is the General Act passed May 12, 1902, and 
also Act supplemental thereto passed October 22, 1902, by 
the General Assembly of Ohio, under and by virtue of which the 
Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission was created, charged with 
the duty of erecting suitable monuments to mark the positions 
of Ohio troops On the battlefield of Antietam, Maryland, and 
to mark the place where Commissary Sergeant William McKin- 
ley issued rations to his regiment on the firing line on the even- 
ing of that memorable battle, September 17, 1862. 

AN ACT. 
(Passed May 12, 1902.) 

To authorize the appointment of a commission to mark the positions 
occupied by Ohio troops on the battlefield of Antietam, with suit- 
able monuments and to make an appropriation to pay the costs of 
the same and to pay the personal expenses of the commission. 

Whereas^ Congress, by joint resolution, appropriated the 
sum of ten thousand dollars for the purpose of locating and pur- 
chasing advance positions of troops on the battlefield of Antietam ; 
and 

Whereas, Under said resolution a Commission was appoint- 
ed by Congress for the purpose of making such locations ; and 



AUTHORITY FOR ERECTING MONUMENTS. 19 

Whereas, Said Commission requested the Governors of the 
several States of the Union to appoint a Commission for the pur- 
pose of locating the respective positions of the troops of such 
States in said battle; and 

Whereas, Governor McKinley, of Ohio, appointed a Com- 
mission consisting of veterans belonging to the several regi- 
ments from Ohio engaged in the battle of Antietam, for the pur- 
pose of locating such positions ; and 

Whereas, It will require about $2,500.00 to pay the inciden- 
tal expenses, including traveling expenses, stationery and such 
other items of expense as may occur in making contracts for 
monuments and supervising their erection; now therefore 

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio: 

Section i. That the Governor of the State of Ohio be and 
he hereby is authorized, with the advice and consent of the Sen- 
ate, to appoint a Commission of five to contract for, purchase and 
have erected suitable monuments to mark the positions of Ohio 
troops on the battlefield of Antietam and to mark the place where 
Commissary Sergeant William McKinley issued rations to his 
regiment on the evening of that memorable battle, to-wit, Sep- 
tember 17, 1862. 

Section 2. For the purpose of paying the cost and expenses 
of erecting said monuments and defraying the expenses of the 
[Commissioners] Commission, and in addition to the sum ap- 
propriated by the provisions of said former Act, there is hereby 
appropriated, out of any funds in the State Treasury to the credit 
of the general revenue fund, not otherwise appropriated, the sum 
of twenty thousand ($20,000) dollars, $2,500.00 of which shall 
be available at once and $17,500.00 shall be available on and after 
February 16, 1903, and which sum shall be disbursed and paid 
in accordance with the provisions of Section 154 of the Revised 
Statutes of Ohio, and upon the duly approved estimates of said 
Commission. 

Section 3. Said Commission shall keep an account of all 
disbursements, and make a full report thereof to the Governor 



20 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

on or before the 15th day of November of each year during the 
continuance of said trust. 

Section 4. The representatives of regiments and of said 
battery shall, in so far as is practicable to do so, be consulted 
by the Commission as to style of monuments they desire, and as 
to the inscription to be put thereon. And any regimental organi- 
zation shall be permitted to raise by private subscription such 
additional sum of money as it may see fit, to be used in connec- 
tion with the money supplied by the State in the purchase and 
erection of the monuments for such regiment. 

Section 5. — This act shall take effect and be in force from 
and after its passage. 

AN ACT 

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio: 

Section i. That the following sums for the purposes here- 
inafter specified, be and the same are hereby appropriated out of 
any money in the State Treasury to the credit of the general rev- 
enue fund not otherwise appropriated, to-wit : 

Commission to Mark the Positions Occupied by OJiio Troops 
on the Battlefield of Antietam. 

For the purpose of erecting a suitable monument to mark 
the place where Commissary Sergeant William Mc- 
Kinley issued rations to his regiment on the evening 
of that memorable battle, to-wit: September 17, 1862, 
in addition to $1,500 already appropriated $3,500 



APPOINTMENT OF OHIO ANTIETAli BATTLEFIELD COMMISSION. 21 



Appointment of the Ohio 
Antietam Battlefield Commission 







IN pursuance of law, Honorable George K. Nash, Governor 
of Ohio, on June ii, 1902, appointed the Ohio Antietam 
Battlefield Commission, consisting of the following members : 

Major David Cunningham, Cadiz, 30th O. V. I. ; J. T. Moore, 
Barnesville, 30th O. V. I. ; T. J. West, Tiffin, 8tli O. V. I. ; D. H. 
Kimberley, Cleveland, 23rd O. V. I., and Captain W. W. Miller, 
Castalia, 8th O. V. I. 

(Note — On account of the protracted illness of Comrade 
T. J. West, Comrade E. T. Naylor, Tiffin, 8th O. V. L, was, on 
June 16, 1903, authorized to act as his substitute, and, on the death 
of Comrade West, November 18, 1903, the Governor appointed 
Comrade Naylor a member of the Commission.) 

On July 7, 1902, the members of the Commission, in pursu- 
ance of the call of the Governor, met at the office of Captain W. 
W. Miller, Department of Agriculture, State House, Columbus, 
Ohio, and proceeded to organize by electing D. Cunningham, 
Cadiz, Ohio, President, and Captain W. W. Miller, Castalia, 
Ohio, Secretary-Treasurer. 

The Commission adjourned to meet at Keedysville, Maryland, 
on the battlefield, on the sixth day of August, 1902, at which meet- 
ing the Commission located the sites for all the monuments and 
purchased plats of ground on which to locate the monuments for 



22 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

the nth Ohio and for the joint monument for the 5th, 7th and 66th 
Ohio, and also for the McKinley monument. The other monu- 
ments were located on the pubHc avenues and roads. 

On November 12, 1902, notices, of v^^hich the following is a 
copy, were sent to all the leading granite and marble contractors 
in Ohio, and also to the leading granite firms and companies in 
New York and New England. 

Gentlemen : — The Commission, to mark the positions occu- 
pied by Ohio troops on the battlefield of Antietam, Maryland, begs 
leave to call your attention to the fact that it intends to have 
erected ten monuments on said field, to-wit : 

First. A suitable monument to be located near Burnside 
Bridge, to mark the place where Commissary Sergeant William 
McKinley isued rations to his regiment on the evening of that 
memorable battle, September 17, 1862, at a total cost of $5,000. 

Second. A joint monument to three regiments, to be located 
near the Dunkard church, with suitable inscriptions and designs 
cut on three sides thereof, total cost not to exceed $4,500. 

Third. Seven separate regimental monuments with lettering 
and designs, cost not to exceed $1,500 each. 

Fourth. One monument for McMullin's Battery, with let- 
tering, etc., to cost not more than $750. 

The cost limit for the above monuments to include founda- 
tions and all other expenses pertaining to putting them in position 
on the field on the several plats of ground selected and provided 
by the Commission. 

All persons competing will observe the following general 
conditions in preparing their offers for the work to be done : 

Persons competing to furnish specifications for the founda- 
tions for the monuments they propose to erect, no foundation to be 
less than six (6) feet below the surface of the surrounding ground 
and to be best concrete work. 

The monuments to be of the best Westerly, Quincy, or Barre 
granite, bids to specify the particular granite to be used. The 
granite for each monument to be well selected, uniform in color, 



APPOINTMENT OF OHIO ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD COMMISSION. 23 

free from flaws, streaks, iron deposits, or any other deleterious 
substance. The workmanship must be first-class in all respects, 
and the monuments must be constructed and erected to the satis- 
faction of the Antietam Battlefield Commission, and subject to 
all the requirements and conditions provided by it and the 
Antietam Park Commission. 

Bidders must furnish specifications in duplicate for all work 
and material, and submit with their various designs, drawings 
of all monuments of uniform scale, so that the cubic feet of granite 
in each may be easily computed. 

Persons desiring to compete for said work must furnish the 
Commission at least twenty-one original designs for the seven 
regimental monuments ; at least four designs for the battery, and 
at least five designs for the joint monument, and should furnish 
at least three original designs for the McKinley monument, spe- 
cially drafted to commemorate the heroic act of Commissary 
Sergeant William McKinley. 

All designs must be submitted to the Commission for approval 
or rejection by three o'clock p. m., January 29, 1903, at the office 
of the Secretary, Columbus, Ohio, 

Our Commission will be gratified to have you submit designs 
for approval and would be pleased to be informed as to whether 
you will or will not submit them. 

Any communication or inquiry addressed to the Secretary, 
Captain W. W. Miller, Columbus, Ohio, will receive prompt 
attention. 

Yours respectfully, 

THE ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD COMMISSION, 

By D. Cunningham, President, 
W. W. Miller, Secretary. 

The Commission held a meeting in Columbus, January 29, 
1903, for the purpose of inspecting designs and considering pro- 
posals for monumental work submitted by a number of the most 



24 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

prominent manufacturers of the country. After carefully con- 
sidering all designs and proposals submitted, the Commission, on 
the following day, January 30, 1903, decided to accept those sub- 
mitted by The Hughes Granite and Marble Company, of Clyde, 
Ohio, they being, in the judgment of the Commission, the best 
offered. 

All details having been satisfactorily arranged, the Commis- 
sion, on February 28, 1903, entered into contract with the said 
The Hughes Granite and Marble Company for the erection of ten 
monuments on the Antietam Battlefield, as follows : 

One, to Commissary Sergeant William McKinley, of the 23rd 
O. V. I., for his valiant act in supplying his regiment with cooked 
rations while on the firing line ; one, to the 5th, 7th and 66th O. V. 
L, and eight separate monuments to the ist Ohio Independent 
Battery, and the 8th, nth, 12th, 23rd, 28th, 30th and 36th Regi- 
ments, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 

The original contract provided that monuments should cost 
as follows : 

McKinley monument, five thousand dollars ($5,000) ; joint 
monument for the 5th, 7th and 66th regiments, O. V. I., four 
thousand five hundred dollars ($4,500) ; seven regimental monu- 
ments for the 8th, nth, 12th, 23rd, 28th, 30th and 36th regiments, 
O. V. I., one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) each, ten 
thousand five hundred dollars ($10,500) ; monument for ist Ohio 
Independent Battery, seven hundred and fifty dollars ($750). 

The Commission later entered into contract with The Hughes 
Granite and Marble Company for a bronze medallion for the 
McKinley monument, and for four granite markers, at a cost of 
seven hundred and fifty dollars ($750), thus making the cost of 
the ten monuments and four markers twenty-one thousand five 
hundred dollars ($21,500). 

Monuments were erected strictly according to contract and 
to the entire satisfaction of the Commission, and dedicatory ser- 
vices were held on the battlefield October 13, 1903. 




Rl^T^, '^i. 




HISTORY MCKINLEY MONUMENT ON ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD. 25 






History of McKinley Monument 
on Antietam Battlefield 



Si 



^ 

^ 
/^ 



EXTRACT from the report of the battle of Antietam by 
Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States, 
formerly Colonel of the 23rd O. V. I. (p. 76-79, Life of William 
McKinley, President of the United States, by Robert P. Porter 
and James Boyle). 

"That battle began at daylight. Before daylight men were 
in the ranks and preparing for it. Without breakfast, without 
coffee, they went into the fight, and it continued until after the sun 
had set. Early in the afternoon, naturally enough, with the exer- 
tion required of the men, they were famished and thirsty, and to 
some extent broken in spirit. The commissary department of that 
brigade was under Sergeant McKinley's administration and per- 
sonal supervision. From his hands every man in the regiment 
was served with hot coffee and warm meats, a thing that had 
never occurred under similar circumstances in any other army 
in the world. He passed under fire and delivered, with his own 
hands, these things, so essential for the men for whom he was 
laboring. 

"Coming to Ohio and recovering from wounds, I called upon 
Governor Tod and told him this incident. With the emphasis 
that distinguished that great war. governor, he said, 'Let McKinley 
be promoted from sergeant to lieutenant,' and that I might not 



26 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

forget, he requested me to put it upon the roster of the regiment, 
which I did, and McKinley was promoted." 

McKinley was promoted to second Heutenant for gallant con- 
duct at Antietam. As will be seen from the above. President 
Hayes referred to this incident, and he, as commander of the regi- 
ment, as well as the other officers, declared that the young soldier 
gave evidence of uncommon bravery. 

General J. L, Botsford of Youngstown, who was present, has 
prepared the following interesting account of McKinley at 
Antietam, which is herewith given in full : 

"At the battle of Antietam, McKinley was the commissary 
sergeant of the Twenty-third Regiment, O. V. I., and his duty 
was, of course, with the commissary supplies, which were at least 
two miles from the battlefield proper. 

"As you no doubt are aware., in all battles, whether large or 
small, there are numerous stragglers who easily find their way 
back to where the commissary supplies are. This was the case at 
Antietam, and McKinley conceived and put into execution the idea 
of using some of these stragglers to make coffee and carry it to 
the boys in front. It was nearly dark when we heard tremendous 
cheering from the left of our regiment. As we had been having 
heavy fighting right up to this time, our division commander, 
Greneral Scammon, sent me to find out the cause, which I very 
soon found to be cheers for McKinley and his hot coffee. You 
can readily imagine the rousing welcome he received from both 
officers and men. 

"When you consider the fact of his leaving his post of 
security, driving right into the middle of a bloody battle with a 
team of mules, it needs no words of mine to show the character 
and determination of McKinley, a boy at this time about twenty 
years of age. McKinley loaded up two wagons with supplies, but 
the mules of one wagon were disabled. He was ordered back 
time and again, but he pushed right on." 



HISTORY MCKINLEY MONUMENT ON ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD. 27 

The McKinle.y monument is declared to be, by those who have 
seen it, one of the finest monuments ever erected on any battle- 
field. The monument is 33 feet, 6 inches in height, and 8 feet, 
9 inches square at the base. 

The base and die are surmounted by a column, 12 feet, 2 
inches in height and of Doric architecture ; is is surmounted by a 
granite eagle upon a ball. The die of this monument was cut from 
a solid block of granite 5 feet square, 7 feet, 9 inches high. Out 
of this has been carved an allegorical figure representing the 
spirit of the people in their devotion to the martyred dead, with 
one hand clasping the American flag, the other holding a palm 
branch over the bronze busts of McKinley. These busts represent 
McKinley as a boy soldier and McKinley as president. Beneath 
this appears an historical battle scene in bronze, representing 
Sergeant McKinley serving coffee to his comrades upon the 
firing line. The portraiture of this battle scene as well as of the 
bronze busts and the carving of the allegorical figure are the 
work of J. B. King, a celebrated Scotch sculptor in the employ 
of The Hughes Granite & Marble Co., in whose shops at Clyde, 
Ohio, all of this work was done. 

The following inscriptions appear upon this monument: 

McKINLEY MONUMENT. 
Upon the front of 4th base, raised, carved letters, 
WILLIAM McKINLEY. 

Upon the 3rd base, raised, carved letters, 

January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901 

Upon the back of 3d base raised, polished letters, 

Fourteen Years Member of Congress 

Twice Governor of Ohio, 1892-3 and 1894-5 

Twice President of the United States, 1897- 1900 ^"^ ^9°' 



28 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Sergeant McKinley, Co. E, 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
while in charge of the Commissary Department, on the afternoon 
of the day of the Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, personally 
and without orders, served hot coffee and warm food to every man 
in the regiment, on this spot; and in doing so, had to pass 
under fire. 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ^ 29 



*> 


Historical Sketches 


*> 



THE following brief history of each of the Ohio military 
organizations that participated in the battle of Antietam, 
and to which has been erected a monument on the field, have been 
prepared by comrades, who were members of said several organi- 
zations, and who themselves participated in the battle, to-wit : 

5th Ohio Infantry by John B. Hoffman, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

7th Ohio Infantry by Sergeant Lawrence Wilson, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

8th Ohio Infantry by E. T. Naylor, Tiffin, Ohio. 

nth Ohio Infantry by Thomas L. Steward, Dayton, Ohio. 

I2th Ohio Infantry by Captain R. B. Wilson, Toledo, Ohio. 

23rd Ohio Infantry by D. H. Kimberly, Cleveland, Ohio. 

28th Ohio Infantry by S. Rosenthal, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

30th Ohio Infantry by Major J. T. Moore, Barnesville, Ohio. 

36th Ohio Infantry by Sergeant John T. Booth, Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

66th Ohio Infantry by General Eugene Powell, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

1st Ohio Independent Battery by J. D. Greason, Shawnee, 
Oklahoma. 



30 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



>&# Fifth Infantry ** 



THE Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment, composed of 
the youth of the city of Cincinnati, was organized at Camp 
Harrison on April 20, 1861, for the three months' service in com- 
mand of Colonel S. H. Dunning. On May 18, 1861, the regiment, 
with others, was transferred to Camp Dennison. At about this time 
the call for three years' enlistments was made, and upon call the 
regiment almost unanimously re-enlisted for the three years' ser- 
vice and was mustered as such on June 19 and 20, 1861 ; remained 
at Camp Dennison, drilling and perfecting its organization, until 
July 10, 1861, when it was ordered to West Virginia with a full 
quota of officers and men — 1,080 strong — leaving by rail, arriving 
at Clarksburg, West Virginia, on July 12, 1861, and was placed 
under command of Brigadier General Hill ; was camped but a few 
days when we were ordered in pursuit of the rebel General 
Garnet's forces, and via Oakland, Maryland, we footed it for the 
first time for a distance of about 45 miles to Greenland Gap, or the 
"Red House," but the rebels were gone and we were ordered to 
return ; were about four and a half days gone, and without tents 
and short of rations from Oakland, Maryland, came by rail to 
Parkersburg, West Virginia, where we received our new regula- 
tion uniforms. On August 5, '61, were ordered to Buckhannon, 
West Virginia, there doing post duty, etc. On September 16, '61, 
a reconnoissance was ordered out towards Hacker's Lick, and had 
a warm little skirmish with the "bushwhackers," losing one man 



FIFTH INFANTRY. 31 

killed, and after driving them out for some distance returned to 
Buckhannon and remained until November 3, '61, when we were 
ordered to Romney, Virginia, arriving there on the 6th, and here 
again doing post duty and making occasional reconnoissances to 
Sheets Mills, Morefield, and other points in the neighborhood 
known to be rebel outposts. On January 6, 1862, at midnight, 
the regiment, under command of Colonel Dunning, marched to 
Blue's Gap and found the enemy at about 7 a. m. On the 7th 
drove in their pickets and surprised them in camp, captured his 
guns and caissons, occupied their entrenchments, killed a number 
and captured a large number of prisoners. Our loss, 2 killed. 
Returned to Romney same day. On January 10, '62, evacuated 
Romney, General F. W. Lander assuming command of the entire 
force; fell back via Green Springs Run to Patterson's Creek on 
B. & O. R. R., and from this point made occasional trips to New 
Creek, French's Store, Little Cacapon River and Paw Paw 
Tunnel, principally marching and doing guard duty. On 
February 13, '62, marched to Bloomery Gap under General 
Lander, engaged the enemy without any visible results, returned 
and camped at Paw Paw Station. On March 2, '62, General 
F. W. Lander died in camp, of wounds received at Ball's Bluff. 
On March 5,'62, General James Shields assumed command and 
immediately ordered tents struck during a heavy snow storm, and 
at once proceeded via rail to Rock Creek, and thence marched via 
North Mountain to Martinsburg, West Virginia. On March 11, 
'62, left Martinsburg for Winchester, Virginia, via Bunker Hill, 
and on arriving within 2 miles of Winchester found that the rebels 
had evacuated the night before. We started in pursuit of the 
enemy and kept up day after day, skirmishing most of the time 
and continuing on through Strasburg and some 7 miles beyond, 
and on the 20th March, '62, returned to Winchester. On the 
22d were under arms all day, constantly, within hearing of can- 
nonading, and most of the time picketing the Romney and Cedar 



32 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Creek Roads; lay on our arms that night, and early on March 
23, '62, were engaged in the battle of Winchester in command of 
Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Patrick, gaining a splendid victory over 
Jackson's army. Our regiment loss was 18 killed and 27 wounded. 
After the battle we pursued Jackson down the valley to 
Harrisonburg, and camped at New Market; on May 12, '62, left 
New Market under General Shields, for Fredericksburg, where 
we arrived on the 23rd, and next day were received by President 
Lincoln. On the 25th May, '62, started back to the valley, taking 
the east side of the Shenandoah River as far as Port Republic, 
where we met the enemy in force. On June 9, '62, our two bri- 
gades under General Tyler engaged Jackson's army in a hand 
to hand conflict for five hours, when we were forced to fall back 
some 8 miles. In this battle our regiment, under command of 
Colonel Dunning, lost 11 killed, 48 wounded, and 185 taken pris- 
oners. We then marched to Luray and thence to Front Royal, 
and camped, and where. Colonel Dunning having resigned, took 
leave of us. From June 22, '62, we were on the march every day 
for five successive weeks, traversing a distance of some 500 miles 
back and forth in that time, and at last halted at Alexandria for 
rest; the men were without shelter, nearly naked and foot-sore, 
and completely worn out. On July 25, '62, left Alexandria by rail 
to Warrenton, where we remained until the 31st, then we marched 
to Little Washington, arriving on August i, '62. While there. 
General Tyler took leave of his old command and introduced 
Brigadier-General John W. Geary as our new commander. (The 
5th Ohio was a great favorite of General Tyler's.) On August 
5, '62, marched via Sperryville to Woodville and countermarched 
to Culpepper, etc., and on the 8th and 9th August, '62, marched 
8 miles out and engaged in that terrific field of "Battle of Cedar 
Mountain," under command of Colonel I. H. Patrick. The 
engagement lasted until after dark, when we were forced by over- 
whelming numbers to retire. Our regimental loss was 13 officers 



FIFTH INFANTRY. 33 

and 89 men wounded; i8 killed and 2 missing; entered the battle 
with but 275 effective men. Nothing of importance occurred 
until August 19, '62, when we began falling back towards the 
Rappahannock, and participated in Pope's memorable campaign 
in marching and counter-marching in all directions, and falling 
back to Washington, D. C, and marching in pursuit of the rebels 
through Frederick City, Md., etc., and reached Antietam on the 
evening of September 16, '62, and on the morning of September 
17, '62, engaged in the terrible conflict at that point, and which 
is best described in the official report of Major John Collins, viz: 

"Headquarters Fifth Ohio Infantry, 
"Loudon Heights, Va., September 24, 1862. 

"On the morning of the 17th, at 6 o'clock, the 5th Ohio Regi- 
ment, commanded by Major John Collins, was ordered to advance 
toward the enemy on the right. They proceeded in column by 
division until arriving within a short distance of the enemy, when 
we deployed to the right of the 28th Pennsylvania Regiment of 
same brigade, thus forming the right center, two Ohio regiments 
being deployed farther to our right. Our regiment then moved 
forward to the woods occupied by rebels and after a short but 
severe contest succeeded in driving them before us. From the 
woods the enemy retired to a cornfield, followed by us, and while 
in the corn our regiment engaged a Georgia regiment in a hand 
to hand combat, using clubbed guns, a portion of the men having 
no bayonets. The enemy at this point was severely punished. 
After a short resistance the enemy again gave away, and being 
closely pursued, sustained great loss. We followed the retreating 
foe through the corn into an open field beyond, where, our men 
being out of ammunition, we halted behind the brow of a hill until 
the cartridge boxes of the men were replenished. We then ad- 
vanced about fifty yards farther, at which time the enemy was ob- 
served coming toward us. Our regiment lay down until they 
4 o. at A. 



34 OHIO AT ANTIETAM, 

approached quite near, when they suddenly rose and discharged 
a volley into their lines, which caused them to retreat in confusion. 
We followed them, driving them through the field into the woods 
ir the rear and out of the woods into the corn still farther beyond. 
The regiment at this time was so reduced from wounds and other 
causes as to be unable to pursue farther. About the center of the 
woods we took a position, which we held until again out of ammu- 
nition, where, owing to the retreat of a regiment on our right, 
caused by the advance of a greatly superior force of rebels, we 
were compelled at about i o'clock p. m. to retire from our position. 
It is no flattery to say that the officers and men did their duty 
bravely during the whole of the six (6) hours' fire to which they 
were subjected. Our loss in this action is ii killed, 35 wounded,. 
2 missing, and 180 men actually engaged. 
"Very respectfully, 
(Signed.) "John Collins, 

"Major Commanding 5th Ohio Infantry."' 

(At this point it is well to mention that a medal of honor was 
awarded by Congress to Private John P. Murphy, Co. K, 5tb 
O. V. I., now Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Hamilton 
County, Ohio, for the capture of the flag of the 13th Alabama 
Infantry, and he was also wounded in this engagement.) 

After the battle the regiment followed up the retreating 
enemy and was the first regiment to re-enter Virginia, and Sep- 
tember 22, 1862, camped on Loudon Heights, doing any and all 
duties of a soldier until December 10, 1862, when left under Gen- 
eral Geary with the rest of the 12th Corps, and after marching 
for six days over terrible roads, arrived at Dumfries, Va., on 
December 16, 1862. At and about this place we remained in 
"blissful quietude" until noon of December 27, 1862, when we 
were attacked by a large force of rebels. The engagement lasted 
from I p. m. until dark, when the "rebs" retreated, having lost 



FIFTH INFANTRY. ^ 35 

heavily. The regiment was commanded by Col. J. H. Patrick 
and lost in this action at Dumfries 2 killed, 3 wounded and 5 
taken prisoner (on the outskirts). From this time we were 
snugly housed in winter quarters until, on April 20, 1863, broke 
camp and advanced as far as Aquia Creek, and on April 29, 1863, 
crossed the Rappahannock River and then the Rapidan River 
at Germania Mills Ford, and immediately began skirmishing with 
the rebels, who were throwing up intrenchments, and on May 
I, 1863, engaged in the battle of Chancellorsville, under com- 
mand of Lt.-Col. R. E. Kilpatrick. In this great and bloody 
four days' battle our regiment took no inconsiderable part, being 
constantly engaged, but could not stem the tide, and, with the 
rest, were compelled to fall back, our loss being 15 killed and 
39 wounded, among them being Lt.-Col. Kilpatrick, losing his 
right arm, and also his horse, and on May 6, 1863, resumed our 
old quarters on Aquia Creek, where we remained until June 13, 
1863, when began the hurried marches towards the east, and 
crossed the Potomac River at Edward's Ferry and thence on 
through to Pennsylvania to Gettysburg and near the scene of 
the great battle towards night of July i, 1863, and immediately 
went into position on the left of the line at Little Round Top 
Mountain, maneuvering nearly all night, with but little rest, 
and about daylight of July 2, 1863, were moved to the right 
of the line at the foot of Gulp's Hill and near to Spangler's 
Springs, and immediately threw up intrenchments, while all along 
the line heavy cannonading was going on, and occasionally a 
shell or two would pass over our heads, but were not called into 
action until after dark, when we were suddenly ordered out 
and marched in the darkness no one knew where, and with no 
results, and at daybreak, July 3, 1863, returned to our entrench- 
ments, but found them occupied by the enemy, and requiring im- 
mediate action, and after a fierce conflict, lasting until 11 a. m., 
finally driving the enemy from our intrenchments and beyond 



36 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

to a high stone wall at our front, when hostilities ceased in 
our immediate front. But the battle was not over, as continu- 
ous heavy cannonading was heard the entire day, and the Fourth 
of July found us masters of the situation and the enemy gone. 
Our loss at Gettysburg, 5 killed, 18 wounded, under command 
of Col. J. H. Patrick. On July 5, 1863, after burying the dead, 
we commenced a series of marches in pursuit of General Lee 
and finally halted on July 31, 1863, at Ellis Ford, on the Rappa- 
hannock, and camped. On August 16, 1863, ordered to Alex- 
andria and there embarked on the steamer Baltic for New York, 
arriving on the 30th, and were camped on Governor's Island in 
New York Harbor, ostensibly to patrol and quell the New York 
riots. Our duty fulfilled, on September 8, 1863, we again em- 
barked on the Baltic and were returned to Alexandria, arriving 
on the nth, 1863, and immediately began to march to rejoin 
the army, and on the night of September 16, 1863, caught up 
and camped at Raccoon Ford, on the Rapidan River, and the 
enemy constantly in sight. On September 24, 1863, we were 
again hurried off, and this time to Washington, D. C., and on 
September 28, 1863, via rail, started with General Hooker and 
General Slocum for the Western Army, again passing through 
our beloved State of Ohio, on through Indiana and 'Kentucky to 
Murfreesboro, Tenn., arriving on October 5, 1863, and October 9, 
1863, again began marching on towards Chattanooga. Halted at 
Bridgeport, Ala., where we made a detour to Wauhatchie Valley 
and engaged the enemy on November i, 1863, but not effective, 
the "rebs" favoring us with a few shells daily without effect. 
However, on November 24, 1863, engaged in the assault on Look- 
out Mountain, and better known as the "Battle in the Clouds," 
under Col. J. H. Patrick, being victorious and without loss to 
the regiment. After turning in all the prisoners at Hooker's 
headquarters, the regiment returned to Bridgeport, Ala., on De- 
cember I, 1863, and camped for the winter. While here the agi- 



FIFTH INFANTRY. 37 

tation was begun for re-enlistment for the veteran service, and 
a large proportion of our boys veteranized, and on February 17, 
1864, were enlisted as such and accepted a thirty day furlough 
for their dear old home, Cincinnati, and on their return to Bridge- 
port assumed their old bearings. On May 4, 1864, the regiment 
again resumed active service and accompanied Generals Sher- 
man, Hooker and Slocum in the advance towards Atlanta, and 
were engaged in the battle of Rocky Face Ridge, Ga. At Dalton, 
Ga., I killed; at Resaca, 5 killed, at New Hope Church, 15 killed 
(among them our beloved colonel, John H. Patrick) ; Gulp's Farm, 
Ga., Pine Knob, Ga., i killed ; at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., 4 killed ; 
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., 4 killed ; siege of Atlanta, Ga., 5 killed ; 
siege of Savannah, Ga., Bentonville, N. C, North Edisto, S. C, 
I killed, and engaged in the March to the Sea and the Carolinas, 
and, last but not least, the grand review at Washington, D. C, and 
then the return home and mustered out at Camp Dennison on 
July 26, 1865, 239 men strong, thus being in continuous service 
four years, three months and six days, and with a total enlistment 
of the three terms of service, 1,751 men. Number killed in battle, 
146; died of disease and other casualties, 57; total number killed 
and wounded, 537. 



38 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



*- 


Seventh Ohio Infantry 


4^ 



THIS regiment was raised in northern Ohio with rendezvous 
at Cleveland, and its ranks included men of culture and 
good social position. They enlisted promptly at the first news 
of war, the regiment organizing in April, 1861, for the three 
months' service, but entering the three years' service almost to 
a man, when the second call for troops was made. It left Camp 
Dennison, June 26, 1861, and proceeded to West Virginia. 

CROSS LANES 

It first met the enemy at Cross Lanes, August 26, 1861, 
where it was forced from the field with severe loss, mostly in 
captured. In November, 1861, five hundred picked men partici- 
pated in a movement up Loup Creek, through Fayette Court 
House towards Raleigh, in pursuit of General Floyd's army. 
Leaving Charleston, December, 10, 1861, it proceeded by boat 
to Parkersburg; then by rail to Cumberland and Green Spring, 
marching to Romney. While there, it joined in a scout to 
Blue's Gap, and helped destroy a rebel camp there. Early in 
January, 1862, the Union forces fell back to Patterson Creek, 
then advanced along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, to Mar- 
tinsburg, reaching Winchester March 12. 

KERNSTOWN 

On the 23rd, Stonewall Jackson advanced; was met at 
Kernstown and defeated. In this battle the Seventh lost 20 



SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. 39 

killed, and 62 wounded. On May 12th, Shields' Division 
marched via New Market, Luray, Front Royal and Warrenton, 
to Fredericksburg. General Banks having been driven beyond 
the Potomac, Shields' Division returned to Front Royal via 
Manassas Gap. 

PORT REPUBLIC 

Jackson, retreating by Strasburg, was met at Port Republic, 
June 9th, by two brigades of Shields' Division, which, after one 
of the liveliest little fights of the war, were defeated, the Seventh 
losing 10 killed and 55 wounded. 

CEDAR MOUNTAIN 

On the 9th of August, this regiment again met Jackson's 
forces in battle at Cedar Mountain, where, under the concentrated 
fire of infantry and artillery, fighting in the open, with no protec- 
tion other than stout hearts in human breasts, it held its position 
until relieved, suffering a loss of 39 killed and 153 wounded, out 
of 307 engaged. 

ANTIETAM 

At Antietam it fought in Tyndale's Brigade, Green's Divi- 
sion of the Twelfth Corps. Starting at daylight, this Corps 
moved up in support of General Hooker, who opened the fight 
on the right of the Union line, and after repeated and spirited 
contests during the day, pushed up near the Dunker Church, 
where the magnificent shaft, recently dedicated by the great State 
of Ohio through its honored Governor and efficient battlefield 
commission, to commemorate the valor of the Fifth, Seventh and 
Sixty-sixth Ohio in that battle, now stands. It lost in this contest 
5 killed and 33 wounded. 

CHANCELLORSVILLE 

On December 27th, the Seventh helped defeat rebel raiders 
under J. E. B. Stuart at Dumfries Court House, and in May, 1863, 
fought at Chancellorsville, losing 16 killed and 62 wounded. 



40 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

GETTYSBURG 

At Gettysburg it fought at Gulp's Hill, behind the best of 
works, and suffered little loss. 

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, MISSIONARY RIDGE AND 
RINGGOLD 

Going to Chattanooga, it fought in November, 1863, at Look- 
out Mountain and Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, and Ringgold, 
Georgia, losing at the latter place 16 killed and 58 wounded. 
Among the killed were Colonel Creighton, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Crane, Adjutant Baxter, and Lieutenants Jones and Cryne, whose 
remains were taken home and buried with all the honors of war. 

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN 

In May, 1864, on the Atlanta campaign, the Seventh fought 
at Resaca and New Hope Church, but was relieved June 11, and 
sent to Cleveland, where it was discharged July 6, 1864. This 
regiment lost in killed and died of wounds, 184 men, and in killed 
and wounded, 682, while 89 died of disease. It is accredited 
with the capture of flags at Cross Lanes, Chancellorsville and 
Gettysburg. The records will show that it was in active service 
in the field from start to finish ; that it participated in many of the 
most important campaigns and battles of our great war; that its 
losses in killed and wounded were above the average and that 
for genuine soldierly conduct and military bearing, in camp, on 
the march, or in the presence of the enemy, it has been rarely 
excelled. Governor Brough in his address of welcome at Cleve- 
land said : — "We welcome you back, not only because you are 
back, but because you have reflected honor on your State. Stand- 
ing as I do, in the position of father of all the regiments of the 
State, it will not do for me to discriminate, but I will say 
that no regiment has returned to the bosom of the State, and none 
remains to come after it, that will bring a more glorious record 
than the gallant old Seventh." 



SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. 41 



1^ 


Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry 


* 



THE 66tli Ohio Volunteers was organized at Urbana, Ohio. 
The order for its organization was dated October i, '6i, and 
on the i/th of December the regiment was mustered into the ser- 
vice of the United States, numbering 850 enlisted men, and while 
in camp at Urbana, and before taking the field, additional enlist- 
ments increased its number to 980. 

This regiment left Ohio on the 17th of January, '62, having 
been assigned to a command that General Frederick Lander was 
organizing at New Creek, Virginia, for the defense of the B. & 
O. R. R., as at that point these Union forces would threaten the 
Confederate command under Stonewall Jackson, then in Romney, 
and also being in easy striking distance of another Confederate 
force in the Shenandoah Valley. Lander's command, in the early 
winter of '62, had this very important guard duty to attend to, and 
it was very effectively performed; but Lander, becoming appre- 
hensive, towards the close of February, that the Confederate forces 
in the direction of Romney were strengthening their outposts at 
Bloomery Gap, and from that direction were assuming an aggres- 
sive attitude, put his forces in motion over almost impassible 
roads, and in the most inclement weather, to assault the enemy at 
that gap. Upon coming in front of that fortified camp, Lander 



42 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

at once ordered his cavalry to charge, but as there was delay or 
hesitation upon their part in executing the order, he gathered 
whatever forces there happened to be of cavalry and infantry, 
then under his immediate eye and command, and with these he 
led as gallant a charge as ever occurred with a small force ; thus 
taking the enemy by surprise, Lander carried everything before 
him; won the gap and captured Colonel Baldwin, a number of 
other officers, and a large number of men, and after destroying 
their camp and works, safely returned to his post at New Creek, 
and by his audacious movement hurled back the proposed advance 
of the enemy upon the line of the B. & O. R. R. from the direction 
of Romney. Soon after his return from that assault, which was 
the first aflfair that the 66th took part in, Lander was taken sick 
and died in camp at Paw Paw Tunnel. Thus a brave and gallant 
soul was lost to the Union cause. General James Shields suc- 
ceeded to the command of Lander's forces, and as the enemy was 
then threatening from the direction of the Shenandoah Valley, 
Shields immediately put his troops in motion, moving in the direc- 
tion of Martinsburg, which town he occupied, and early in March 
moved onward up the valley for Winchester, which town he soon 
occupied; the enemy, under Stonewall Jackson, retreating up 
that valley. Upon the arrival of Shields' troops at Winchester, 
they were marched directly through the town as if they were going 
to pursue Jackson, but instead were put into camp just beyond 
the town. Thinking to deceive the enemy, and draw Jackson 
upon him Shields resorted to this stratagem. Suddenly, in open 
day, he put his forces in motion, in a supposed retreat, moving 
directly through Winchester. The citizens, seeing his hurried 
retreat, immediately sent word to Jackson that the enemy had left 
Winchester and were retreating as fast as their legs would carry 
them, and for him to come and reoccupy the town, Jackson 
immediately appeared in front of Winchester to the great joy of 
its citizens. But Shields had only gone just beyond the hills in the 



SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. 43 

rear of the town, there hiding his troops from view, and at once 
moved back through the town again to confront Jackson, and 
thus these respective commands met in battle, almost upon the 
outskirts of Winchester. That battle was hotly contested, and 
there Jackson met with a decisive defeat, being his first and only- 
defeat, and his entire forces were driven pellmell up the valley, and 
the outburst of joy at his coming was turned into almost despair. 
At his going the people of Winchester, so as to take care of the 
wounded of both forces, made the town one great hospital, and 
the horrors of war were brought to almost every home, but to the 
Unionist the joy at that early victory was very great, and Shields 
thereby won imperishable renown. Early in May, Shields began 
his great march through what was then regarded as the enemy's 
country, to join McDowell's command at Fredericksburg, in the 
then planned movement of on to Richmond ; but owing to 
Jackson's raid down the Valley of the Shenandoah, Shields was 
immediately recalled, and by a forced march had to return. Then 
followed the battles of Port Republic, in which battle this regi- 
ment was greatly distinguished by its heroic defense of a battery 
of seven guns ; but the Union troops engaged were heavily out- 
numbered, and were defeated and fell back down the valley. 

This regiment received during the war about four hundred 
recruits, and the number of men mustered out At the end of its 
service in July, '65, was 272. It lost no men killed, and 370 
wounded. It served in twelve states, marched more than eleven 
thousand miles, and took part in 18 battles. It was the first 
regiment from Ohio to re-enlist for the war in '63, and became a 
Veteran Volunteer Regiment. It was in the following important 
battles : Winchester, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Second 
Bull Run, Antietam, Dumfries, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Lookout Mountain, Ringgold, Resaca, Peachtree Creek, New 
Hope Church, Dallas, then to Atlanta, on to Savannah, up through 
the Carolinas, took part in the grand review at Washington, and 



44 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, the war being over 
and the Union restored. 

At the battle of Antietam, the 66th was attached to Tyndale's 
Brigade, Green's Division, Mansfield's Corps, and took an hon- 
orable part in the desperate struggle that took place in front of 
the little Dunker Church. The writer, heretofore, prepared a 
report of the part played by Ohio troops on this part of the field, 
a part of which is incorporated in this sketch as follows : 

The night of the i6th came on with McClellan's army not 
yet across Antietam Creek or in place to go into the battle. But 
during the night General Mansfield's troops (including the Ohio 
regiments) were pushed across the creek, and, as near as could 
be, took up a position on the left of Hooker's forces which were 
upon the extreme right of the Union line. After having crossed 
the creek we moved forward in the darkness over a route I do 
not know and probably never will know. Toward morning, while 
our men were standing round a few small fires, making their 
cofifee in their cups, we observed that many of our wounded were 
being brought back, apparently coming from that part of the field 
that Hooker had fought over the afternoon before ; and, in addi- 
tion, the firing was getting closer and closer to us. The word 
was that the enemy had taken the aggressive and that our men 
were falling back. 

ORDERED TO ADVANCE 

At that moment General Mansfield rode up and in an excited 
manner gave the order for our brigade to fall in and indicated to 
Colonel Tyndale, its commander, the direction in which to move, 
adding that the enemy were right upon us and were driving every- 
thing before them. Tyndale's men grasped their cofifee cups from 
oflf the fires and fell into rank as directed, still trying to cool their 
cofifee by their breath as they moved. That was their all in the 



SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. 45 

way of breakfast, and they could not afford to go unfed into battle. 
Tyndale's Brigade was composed of the Fifth, Seventh and Sixty- 
ninth Ohio and the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania. My regiment, 
the Sixty-sixth Ohio, numbered about 200 men, and had but two 
line officers — Lieutenants Smith and Yazell — and not a single 
field or staff officer. The other two Ohio regiments were of about 
the same strength, the Fifth being commanded by Captain Collins, 
and the Seventh by Captain Crane. This statement may seem 
startling, as it shows a frightful reduction in the strength of these 
regiments, once 1,000 strong with a full complement of officers. 
But, standing as they did on the brink of another battle, they could 
and did report, "All present or accounted for !" Weak in numbers 
as these regiments were, the men gathered about their respective 
regimental colors and, while other troops were being driven back, 
most gallantly moved forward to meet the foe. 

THE ENEMY REPULSED 

After a short march, the brigade was massed on some low, 
but exceedingly rocky ground. Then they deployed and moved 
forward again, the Ohio regiments being in front. The mist and 
fog of the early morning rendered everything obscure and uncer- 
tain ; but, peering through that cloud of vapor, I saw a line of the 
enemy standing in the open space just beyond and behind a rail 
fence. We had moved so rapidly and quietly that they had not 
observed us and were looking for danger off in the direction of 
Hooker's forces. Instantly I urged my horse up into the ranks 
of the men and, pointing out the line of the enemy, gave the order 
to fire. But, positive as I was that those men were our enemy, 
equally positive was Captain Crane that they were our own men. 
Thus for an instant we struggled, I to get in the first volley, and 
Crane to convince me that I was mistaken. I pushed further 
among our men, however, giving the order to fire. A volley from 



46 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

those three Ohio regiments rang out, and the battle of Antietam 
as an aggressive one upon our part was on again. This assault 
by Tyndale's Brigade at that time and place was, I claim, the real 
opening of that battle. Immediately after our fire the Pennsylva- 
nia regiment, consisting of two battalions, and as yet not decimated 
by the results of war as had been these Ohio regiments, swung 
around through the edge of Eastwood and poured an enfilading fire 
down that ill-fated line of the enemy. The survivors soon broke 
into utter rout, going across the open space in the direction of 
Dunker Church. 

OHIO LEADS THE PURSUIT 

Tyndale's Brigade pushed rapidly on in pursuit, the three 
Ohio regiments in the advance. Where we were to go and where 
we were to stop we did not know ; we knew only that we had the 
enemy on the run and we were following, passing many wrecks 
of a previous struggle. When we had reached a point nearly 
opposite the little Dunker Church, a most terrific artillery fire was 
opened upon us from the higher ground beyond in the direction of 
Sharpsburg. To move further, thus exposed, meant destruction; 
so I halted the Ohio regiments at the spot they had thus reached, 
and, behind a slight swell in the ground, directed the men to shelter 
themselves by lying down. Tyndale, upon coming up immedi- 
ately after with the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, formed our bri- 
gade with the heroic determination of holding the ground that had 
been gained. The artillery fire failing to drive us back, a line of 
the enemy was soon formed in the woods about the church and out 
they came with bayonets fixed. When they were within close 
range, our men rose, resting upon one knee, and gave a volley so 
destructive that the enemy broke again for the shelter of the woods. 
Again the artillery fire upon us, so fearful that it seemed that the 



SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. 47 

very top of the ridge sheltering our men must be swept away, but 
Tyndale's men still held their own. 

UNDER ARTILLERY FIRE 

I well remember as I sat upon my horse, hearing the peculiar 
shriek of a projectile and the thud as it landed in the midst of the 
color guard of the gallant Fifth Ohio. Down went the colors and 
with it the bearer stricken lifeless. But instantly other brave men 
of that famous regiment raised the colors aloft, and they floated 
again in the breeze, seemingly more beautiful and defiant than ever. 

Then the artillery fire again slackened and another line of the 
enemy, stronger and more determined than the first, moved out 
from the woods about the church. "Attention!" sang out Tyn- 
dale, and up rose a line of men, as if out of the ground. "Fix 
bayonets !" shouted Crane of the Seventh to his men. But the 
entire brigade obeyed the order, as they instinctively knew that 
that was the thing to do. Then our men stood ready. On steadily 
came the enemy. "Fire !" shouted Tyndale, A terrible volley 
and a crash of lead from his entire brigade was the reply. The 
enemy staggered, but held their ground as only brave men could. 
Slowly they fell back until, reinforced, they advanced again, and 
the fight went on in all its horrors. 

UNION ARTILLERY HURRIES UP 

In the meantime, General George S. Greene, then command- 
ing our division, reinforced us by moving some artillery to a posi- 
tion upon our left flank. As those artillerymen passed in our 
rear upon the run, they shouted, "Hold your place there, boys, 
and we will stand by you while there is a shot in the locker !" In 
locating those guns. General Greene's bearing was so heroic and 
knightly, and his exposure so signal that the men of Tyndale's 



48 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Brigade, amidst all that firing, turned toward him and gave him a 
cheer, which he recognized by rising in his stirrups and raising 
his cap. 

Seconds appeared to be hours and it appeared to me that any 
movement upon our part, even into the midst of Stonewall Jack- 
son's troops, would be a relief from the suspense, the awful agony 
of steadily waiting to be shot. Three bullets had passed through 
the shoulder of my coat, and another had cut my collar loose. 

MAGNIFICENT BATTLE SCENE 

Looking to my left at that moment, the most magnificent 
battle spectacle that I ever saw greeted my vision. For a mile 
or more I could see the several lines of opposing troops, with 
banners flying, arms and fieldpieces glistening in the sun as they 
moved, coming closer together in the death struggle. At points 
in those lines soldiers were firing at each other with both artillery 
and small arms; soldiers were falling out of those lines, leaving 
gaps to be closed up as they moved. No part of the actualities 
of battle was wanting to make that scene as a picture complete. 

In my immediate vicinity the battle was still raging and 
the moment was critical, when Sumner's Corps, having crossed 
the creek, moved up to our support. Tyndale, feeling the strength 
of this timely reinforcement, advanced at once for Dunker Church. 
We had hardly started, however, v/hen Tyndale and I were shot, 
both in the head. Tyndale fell to the ground with a wound from 
which he afterward died. My horse, suddenly wheeling, carried 
me toward our field hospital, where my wound was dressed. 

Sumner's Corps finally drove Jackson's troops out of that 
open space and back into the woods, and some of our troops 
entered the woods about the church. But throughout the day 
it was a succession of successes and reverses, first for one side 



SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. 49 

and then for the other, and the open space was hterally strewn 
with the dead and wounded. 

The following inscriptions appear on the monument erected 
to the 5th, 7th and 66th Ohio Volunteers: 

5th Infantry 66th Infantry 7th Infantry 

Commanded by Commanded by Commanded by 

Major John Collins Lieut. Col. Eugene Major Crrin J. Crane 

Powell 

Tyndale's (ist) Brigade 

Greene's (2nd) Division 

Twelfth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

Upon the back, raised polished letters: 

5th 66th 7th 

These three regiments became engaged about 7:30 a. m., 
September 17, 1862, advanced and drove the enemy froui the 
woods near the Dunker Church, and were in action until i :30 p. m. 

Their combined loss was 17 men killed; 4 officers and 87 
men wounded; 2 men missing; total, no. 



5 o. at A. 



50 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



4^ 


Eighth Ohio Infantry 


4W 



THE companies of this regiment were enlisted in April, 1861, 
under the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men, and 
rendezvoused at Camp Jackson, Cleveland, Ohio, where they 
were organized into a regiment. Company A was recruited 
from the city and vicinity of Tiffin, Seneca County; B, in Cleve- 
land, the basis of which was an existing company known as 
the "Hibernian Guards" ; C, from Bucyrus, Crawford County, and 
vicinity ; D, from Norwalk, Huron County, and vicinity, the basis 
of which was an existing company, known as "The Norwalk 
Light Guards"; E, from Sandusky, Erie County, and vicinity, 
filling up the ranks of "The Bay City Guards"; F and G, from 
Fremont, Sandusky County, and vicinity; H, from Lorain and 
Medina Counties ; I, from Elyria, Lorain County, and vicinity, 
and 'K, from Medina County. 

After organization the regiment removed to Camp Denni- 
son, Ohio, where it arrived May 2, 1861. In June, 1861, the 
regiment re-enlisted for three years, under the President's call 
for 300,000 volunteers, with 45 officers and 944 enlisted men. 

Early in July, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dennison and 
joined the army in West Virginia, where it was actively en- 
gaged in campaigning until July, 1862, when it joined the Army 
of the Potomac at Harrison's Landing, Virginia, and with which 
army it was identified during the balance of its service. 

During its service the regiment lost 198 officers and men 
killed in battle, 62 men were transferred to the Regular Army, 
342 were discharged for promotion, or because of wounds or 



EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. SI 

disability, and 42 were transferred to the Fourth Ohio Battalion. 
The regiment was mustered out, by reason of expiration of term 
of service, at Cleveland, Ohio, July 13, 1864. The veterans and 
recruits of the 8th Ohio, together with the veterans and recruits 
of the 4th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, were consolidated 
and designated the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Battalion, an or- 
ganization that was formed June 26, 1864, and mustered out 
of service July 12, 1865. 

Antietam was the hardest fought battle for one day in which 
the regiment was engaged. It occupied a very exposed position, 
and performed conspicuous service in the capture of the sunken 
road, or "Bloody Lane." Its monument is located at the point 
where the regiment crossed Bloody Lane, and where several 
hundred Confederate prisoners were captured. 

The regiment marched more than three thousand miles and 
was engaged in seventy-six battles and skirmishes, in which it 
bore an honorable part, the principal battles being the following 
(see Official Army Register, Part V, page 52) : 

Romney, West Virginia September 23, 1861 

Romney, West Virginia (second battle) .October 26, 1861 

Winchester, Virginia March 23, 1862 

Front Royal, Virginia May 30, 1862 

Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 

Fredericksburg, Virginia December 13, 1862 

Chancellorsville, Virginia May 1-4, 1863 

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863 

Bristoe Station, Virginia October 14, 1863 

Mine Run, Virginia (operations at) . 

November 26-28, 1863 

Wilderness, Virginia May 5-7, 1864 

Po River, Virginia May 10, 1864 

Spottsylvania, Virginia May 8-18, 1864 

North Anna River, Virginia May 23-27, 1864 

Cold Harbor, Virginia June 1-12, 1864 

Petersburg, Virginia June 15-19, 1864 



52 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The following inscriptions appear on the monument of the 
8th O. V. I. : 

Upon front of monument: 

8th RegimcHt 

OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY 

Lieut. Col. Franklin Sawyer 

1st Brigade, Gen, Nathan Kimball 

3rd Division, Gen. W. H. French 

2nd Corps, Gen. Edwin V. Sumner * 

Army of the Potomac 

Upon front panel : 

On this Field Ohio's Sons Sacrificed 

Life and Health for One Country and One Flag. 

History, back of monument : 

Sept. 17th, 1862, forded Antietam Creek waist deep ; formed line 
of battle south of the Roulette Buildings, in orchard; took 
crest of hill at the point of the bayonet; held position for 
hours; supplied exhausted ammunition and muskets from 
dead and wounded ; charged "Boody Lane," capturing about 
300 prisoners ; number engaged 341 ; losses in killed and 
wounded 162. 



ELEyENTH INFANTRY. 53 



^^ 


Eleventh Infantry 


^ 



FOR the three months' service organized at Camp Jackson, 
Columbus, Ohio, with ten companies, five from Miami 
County, three from Darke, two from Montgomery. Was mus- 
tered April 26, 1861 (Major Burbank, Mustering Officer). 
Colonel, J. Finley Harrison ; Lieutenant-Colonel, A. H. Coleman ; 
Major, Joseph W. Frizell. Had about i,ooo. 

May I, moved to Camp Dennison, Ohio. It was the first 
full regiment in that historic camp. 

It reorganized and was mustered June 20, 1861, into three 
years' service, with eight companies. Companies E and I joined 
regiment, August, 1862, at Clarksburg, West Virginia. 

July 6, 1 861, it left Camp Dennison for West Virginia. Ar- 
rived at Point Pleasant, July 10. Served in Kanawha Valley 
and West Virginia, scouting and skirmishing until August 17, 
1862, when it embarked on the Kanawha for the Eastern Army. 

Was engaged in West Virginia at Hawk's Nest, August 20, 
1861 ; Gauley Bridge, November 10, 1861 ; Princeton, West Vir- 
ginia, May 15 and 16, 1861. Charles Allen, of Company A, was 
the first man killed in battle; Louis Brossy and James Mahan, 
Company A, the first captured, August 24, 1862. 

Regiment engaged in Second Bull Run Battle ; September 
12, 1862, at Frederick City, Maryland; September 14 at South 
Mountain, Maryland; September 17, 1862, at Antietam, Mary- 
land. 



54 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The regiment was in the Kanawha Division, 2d Brigade, and 
participated in the charge on bridge over Antietam Creek. 

Early on the morning of the ever memorable 17th of Sep- 
tember, 1862, Company F was sent out on the skirmish line, with 
instructions from Colonel Coleman to watch the enemy closely, 
and to immediately inform him or Colonel Crook of any move- 
ments made by them. Captain Teverbaugh had scarcely given 
the necessary instructions before a lively musketry fire was opened 
by the rebels from their works below the bridge of Antietam Creek, 
which was returned by the right of his line. After a short time 
Acting Adjutant Curtis came forward with an order for Cap- 
tain Teverbaugh to withdraw his company, move to the right 
and act as a reserve to Company C, then skirmishing under com- 
mand of Captain Street. While the men were moving in obedi- 
ence to this order Colonel Coleman came riding along on his 
favorite horse, "Old Bull," presenting a conspicuous mark to 
the rebel sharpshooters. Upon the advice of Captain Teverbaugh, 
the Colonel dismounted, as he was unnecessarily exposing him- 
self; but, alas! the precaution was of but temporary avail. 

It must be borne in mind that the nth Regiment formed 
part of that wing of the army commanded by General Burnside, 
whose forces were required to perform the hardest task of all. 
The nth had been engaged at intervals all the morning, and 
when the order came for Burnside to attack, took its place in 
the line for the forward movement. The order was to "carry 
the bridge, gain the heights beyond, and advance along their 
crest to Sharpsburg, and reach the rear of the enemy." The 
bridge was a stone structure, twelve feet wide and one hundred 
and fifty feet long, with three arches. Six thousand rebels were 
in splendid position across the stream; their artillery swept the 
bridge, the approach to which was a narrow road. On the other 
side the country was much broken; a limestone ridge sheltered 
the rebels, and behind every rock and log were sharpshooters in 



ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 55 

great numbers. Skirmishers were thrown out, and the column 
moved forward. Simmons' and McMullen's Batteries were 
raining their deadly missiles among the rebels' ranks, who, in 
turn, sent volley after volley from their muskets and artillery in 
the faces of our advancing troops. Bravely the men struggled 
forward, but in vain. The steady stream of canister, poured 
from the rebel cannon, forced the line to waver and finally to fall 
back. 

In this forward movement Colonel Augustus H. Coleman 
received the wound which caused his death in a few hours. In 
advance of his men, cheering them on -and closing up their broken 
ranks, he fell with his face to the foe. 

Burnside sent to McClellan for reinforcements, but none 
were given him. He was ordered to assault the bridge and 
carry it at all hazards. Again the lines were formed for the des- 
perate work. The nth had found shelter in an orchard, where, 
after their nearly empty cartridge boxes were replenished, they 
formed for whatever duty fell to their lot. They were soon in 
line again. 

With more than human endurance, the men rushed for- 
ward. The bridge was carried, the rebels were driven from 
their position, and fled in confusion from our victorious troops. 
Following up the requirements of the order received in the morn- 
ing to advance along the crest of the heights to Sharpsburg, 
Burnside's troops followed up the advantage gained, fighting 
at every step. Lee, weakening the left of his line, concentrated 
a heavy force against Burnside, with the intention of cutting him 
off from the main army. The position of our troops was a des- 
perate one, but they fought on. Burnside again sent for help, 
saying he "must have more troops and guns. If you do not 
send them, I cannot hold my position half an hour." McClellan 
sent word to Burnside that he had no infantry to spare. He gave 
permission, however, for the troops to fall back to the bridge, 



56 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

but said that if it was lost all was lost. Fighting till dark, the 
troops were then recalled, falling back near the bridge. Had 
they remained where they last fought, Lee could have accom- 
plished his object and cut them oflf from the army. Although 
the fighting raged furiously in all portions of the field, it is gen- 
erally conceded that the hardest work done that day was by that 
wing to which the glorious Kanawha Division was attached. The 
Burnside Bridge was the key to the whole affair, and to retain 
that the rebels fought desperately and persistently; but they 
had men to contend with in whose vocabulary there is no such 
word as fail. 

The command now returned to West Virginia. Marching 
from Clarksburg to Gauley Bridge, the nth was stationed 
at Summersville, where it remained until January 17, 1863, when 
it moved to Gauley, joining General George Crook and immedi- 
ately embarking on the Kanawha River, this time for the Army of 
the Cumberland. Were present at the Second Fort Donelson fight, 
but aboard their boats. Lay at Nashville for a few days, when 
Rosecrans sent General Crook to Carthage, Tennessee, where 
they remained to May i, when they marched to Murfreesboro. 
Served with Army of Cumberland until muster out, June 20, 1864. 

Participated in many small affairs and the following battles : 

Hoover's Gap, Tennessee June 25, 1863 

Tullahoma, Tennessee July i, 1863 

Chickamauga, Georgia September 19 and 20, 1863 

Rossville Gap, Georgia September 21, 1863 ^ 

' Lookout Mountain, Georgia November 24, 1863 

Mission Ridge, Georgia November 25, 1863 

Ringgold, Georgia November 27, 1863 

Bustard's Roost, Georgia February 25, 1864 

Resaca, Georgia May 14 and 15, 1864 

Officers killed, 4; wounded officers, 7; total killed, wounded 
and missing during term, 152, or total death loss, 152. 



ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 67 

The following is copied from the inscription on the monu- 
ment: 

OHIO 

nth Infantry 

Commanded by 

Lieut. Col. Augustus H. Coleman (killed) 

2 Major Lyman J. Jackson 

Crook's (2nd) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

This regiment advanced in skirmish line toward the bridge 
over Antietam Creek, participated in the charge which drove 
the enemy from the creek, and advanced to this point, which it 
held until the close of the day. 

Its loss was I officer and 3 men killed; i officer and 11 men 
wounded; 5 men missing; total 21. 



58 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



(r**«8sa»j> 


Twelfth Infantry 


Qs=«^i#2^r^ 



THREE MONTHS' SERVICE 

THE regiment was organized for three months' service at 
Camp Jackson, Columbus, Ohio, from companies report- 
ing under the first call of President Lincoln from Southern Ohio, 
and which were mustered into the United States service between 
the 20th and 25th days of April, 1861. 

Captain John W. Lowe, of Greene County, a Mexican War 
veteran, was elected and commissioned Colonel, Captain Jacob 
Ammen, of Clermont County (formerly an instructor at West 
Point) Lieutenant-Colonel, and Captain Carr B. White, of Brown 
County, a Mexican War veteran and a schoolmate and playmate 
of General U. S. Grant, Major, 

On the 4th day of May, 1861, the regiment was transferred 
to Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, being the second regiment 
to arrive at that camp, and was assigned to the brigade of Gen- 
eral Sleigh, and soon after received its equipment. From its 
arrival at this camp it was actively drilled under the supervision 
of Lieutenant-Colonel Ammen. 

THREE YEARS' SERVICE 

Between the 19th and 26th days of June the regiment was 
reorganized and mustered into the United States service for three 
years. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Ammen having accepted a commission 
as Colonel of the 22d Ohio in the reorganization of the regiment. 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 59 

Major White was commissioned as Lieutenant-Colonel and Ad- 
jutant J. D. Hines as Major. 

On the 8th day of July, 1861, the regiment, having been 
assigned to the command of General J. D. Cox, left Camp Den- 
nlson for active duty in West Virginia, reaching Gallipolis, Ohio, 
on the following day, from which place it was transferred by 
boat a short distance up the Kanawha. 

SCARY CREEK 

On the 17th day of July, 1861, the regiment, together with 
two companies of the 21st Ohio and a section of Loomis' Bat- 
tery, under the command of Colonel Lowe, had their first en- 
gagement with the enemy at Scary Creek, near Charleston. 

Following up General Wise's army in its retreat from the 
Valley, the regiment reached Gauley Bridge about July 30th, 
and in August following it joined the force under General Rose- 
crans at Clarksburg, which soon thereafter began the march, via 
Sutton, Bull Town and Summersville, against General Floyd's 
fortified camp at Carnifex Ferry, on the Gauley. 

CARNIFEX 

On the loth day of September the regiment participated in 
the attack on Floyd's position. In this engagement Colonel Lowe 
was instantly killed, and his was the distinction of being the first 
of the field officers of Ohio to fall in battle in the War of the Re- 
bellion. 

COTTON MOUNTAIN 

Colonel White succeeded to the command, and the regiment 
participated in the pursuit of Floyd's army and in the suc- 
ceeding campaign against General Lee at Sewell Mountain and 
subsequent thereto, on the 13th of November, in the attack on 



60 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Floyd's position on Cotton Mountain, and in the pursuit follow- 
ing his precipitate retreat on the Raleigh road. 

PRINCETON 

In May, 1862, the regiment participated in the advance 
of the Kanawha Division, under General Cox, to Princeton, 
against the forces of General Humphrey Marshall, and after 
occupation of that place for a time held the advance post at the 
Narrows of New River, from which it was withdrawn during the 
attack on Princeton by General Marshall. 

About the middle of August, at Flat Top Mountain, Gen- 
eral Cox received orders to report with the Kanawha Division 
to General Pope at Culpeper Court House, and the regiment 
participated in the forced march back to the Kanawha, the trans- 
fer by boat to Parkersburg, and thence by rail to Alexandria, 
Virginia, arriving at the latter place on the 25th of August, 1862. 

BULL RUN BRIDGE 

On the morning of August 27th, the nth and 12th Ohio 
Regiments, preceded by General Taylor's New Jersey Brigade, 
left Alexandria on trains for Culpeper. General Taylor's Bri- 
gade on the advance trains ran into General Stonewall Jackson's 
Corps (which had marched to the rear of Pope on the night of 
the 26th), just after crossing Bull Run Bridge, and was attacked 
and cut to pieces before it could disembark from the trains. Gen- 
eral Taylor was mortally wounded, and his regiments, greatly 
demoralized, retreated towards Alexandria. In the meantime 
the nth and 12th Ohio Regiments were disembarked and formed 
along the banks of Bull Run, across the railroad, and ordered 
to hold the bridge at all hazards. From half past 8 o'clock in 
the morning until 4 p. m. they held the position against great 
odds, under continuous fire, and only retired when Jackson's 
heavy columns were closing around them on both flanks. Carry- 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 61 

ing the wounded in blankets, the two Ohio regiments marched 
during the night of the 27th and the following day towards Wash- 
ington, arriving, cm the evening of the 28th, at Upton's Heights, 
opposite Washington, in an exhausted condition. 

FREDERICK CITY 

Upon the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac, fol- 
lowing the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Kanawha Division was 
assigned to the 9th Army Corps, and led the advance of that 
army through Maryland to Frederick City, where, on the 12th 
day of September, the division attacked and drove from the 
city Jackson's cavalry, then occupying it. In this engagement, 
which mainly took place at the Monocacy bridge and in the 
streets, the 12th Ohio forded the Monocacy above the bridge, 
and while charges and countercharges of cavalry were being made 
up and down the main street the regiment charged down the cross 
streets and caused the enemy's cavalry to beat a hasty retreat. 

From Frederick City the Kanawha Division still led the 
advance, and opened the fight at South Mountain on the morn- 
ing of September 14th. 

SOUTH MOUNTAIN 

The battle of South Mountain resulted in a complete and 
brilliant victory for the Union forces engaged, and the regi- 
ments of the Kanawha Division were all alike conspicuous in 
the fast and furious attack which the division made on that field, 
and which resulted in the crushing defeat of the right wing of 
Lee's army. 

THE TWELFTH OHIO AT ANTIETAM 

The Kanawha Division reached Antietam on the afternoon 
of the 15th and received the opening fire on that field from a bat- 



62 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

tery in its front, shortly after stacking arms. During the night 
of the i6th the division was moved to the left, opposite the Burn- 
side bridge, the 12th Ohio being assigned to support Benjamin's 
United States Battery of 20 pound Parrot guns, located on the 
hill overlooking the bridge, which position it occupied during 
the forenoon of the 17th. Benjamin's Battery opened fire early 
on the morning of the 17th, and naturally attracted to it the 
fire of opposing batteries, which made the position of the sup- 
porting regiment one of dangerous inactivity, the long strain of 
which made welcome the order to the ist Brigade for the flank 
movement by the ford below the bridge. The 12th Ohio led this 
movement, and after crossing the ford threw out skirmishers 
and moved up the left flank towards the bridge. 

This flank movement hastened, if it did not cause, the retreat 
of the enemy from the bridge. 

In the advance from the bridge in the afternoon of the 17th, 
the position assigned to the 12th Ohio was on the extreme left 
of the Union line. While moving into this position, the regiment 
met the flank attack of a South Carolina brigade, on the left of 
the Union line, which made it necessary to leave its line front- 
ing this flank movement, and refused to the main line, which 
latter stretched along the crest of the ridge facing Sharpsburg. 
This flank movement of the enemy was covered by Confederate 
batteries, which opened up a furious fire on the regiment, to 
which reply was made by Union batteries, coming up in its rear. 
The range between the opposing batteries was short, and the 
regiment occupying high ground about midway between, it was 
about equally exposed to the fire of both. Its position was made 
still more uncomfortable by reason of a new regiment mistaking 
the 1 2th for the enemy, and opening fire on it from the rear, 
making it necessary for Colonel White to dispatch a messenger 
to the colonel commanding. 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 63 

The regiment continued to hold the position until the enemy 
had retired and until it was relieved about dusk in the evening 
by a Connecticut regiment, when it moved back towards the 
bridge to bivouac and receive much needed rations. 

On the morning of the i8th, the entire regiment was placed 
on the skirmish line in advance of the position of the Union line 
at the close of the 17th, and remained on that duty during the entire 
day. Twice during the 17th the regiment performed impor- 
tant service at critical moments, once in making the successful 
flank movement on the bridge, and once in defeating a flank 
movement of the enemy, that, but for its opportune position, 
might have been disastrous to the Union line. During the most 
of the day at Antietam it was under a heavy artillery fire, which, 
while not resulting in heavy casualties, was a nerve racking 
strain, that was far more trying than active work on the 
firing line. It was the fortune of the regiment on that day to be 
in the very center of some of the fiercest artillery duels that 
were fought on that field, and never on any field, before or after, 
were its staying qualities more severely, tested than at Antietam. 

FAYETTEVILLE 

In October, following Antietam, the regiment returned to 
the Valley with the division, and during the winter of 1862 
and 1863 was stationed at Fayetteville, where, on the 17th day 
of May, 1863, it repulsed an attack on its position by a force of 
3,000, under General McCausland, following which. General 
Scammon, then in command of the Valley, with the main body of 
his command, advanced to Flat Top Mountain, near Princeton, 
where it remained until in July it was hurried back to the Ohio 
River to intercept the Morgan raiders, then in Ohio and seek- 
ing to cross into West Virginia. The regiment participated 
in these movements and was present at Buffington Island when 
the greater part of Morgan's command surrendered. 



64 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

MEADOW BLUFF 

The regiment returned in August to Fayetteville, from which 
point it scouted the country east to the Greenbrier and Flat Top 
Mountain, having, on December 12th, 1863, a severe engage- 
ment v^^ith the enemy at Meadow Bluff. 

DUBLIN DEPOT AND LYNCHBURG RAID 

Between the 4th days of May and July, 1864, the regiment 
participated in the campaign of General Crook's command 
known as the "Dublin Depot and Lynchburg Raid," involving 
a march of about 1,000 miles, almost wholly within the enemy's 
lines, during which the regiment was engaged in the skirmish 
at Princeton, May 7th; in the battles of Cloyd Mountain, May 
9th; New River Bridge, May loth; Lexington, June 13th, and 
Lynchburg, June 17th and i8th. 

Its loss in killed in its several battles and engagements was 
as follows : Scary Creek, 8 ; Carnifex, 2 ; Hughes' Ferry, i ; Gau- 
ley Bridge, i ; Cotton Mountain, i ; Bull Run Bridge, 10; South 
Mountain, 22; Antietam, 8; Fayetteville, 2; Meadow Bluff, 4; 
Bowyer's Ferry, i; Cloyd Mountain, 21, and Lynchburg, 7; 
total, 88. 

The severely wounded in these engagements were as fol- 
lows : Scary Creek, 2; Carnifex, i; Bull Run Bridge, 13; South 
Mountain, 13 ; Antietam, 5 ; Fayetteville, i ; Cloyd Mountain, 23 ; 
Lynchburg, 3; total, 61. Many received slight wounds not re- 
ported on the rolls. 

During its three years' service 46 died of disease and wounds, 
and 166 were discharged for disability resulting from wounds 
and disease. The absolute loss of the regiment, including killed 
in battle, died from wounds and disease, and discharged for 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 



65 



disability arising from wounds and disease received or con- 
tracted in the service, was 300. ' 

Two hundred and ninety of its enlisted men and officers re- 
enhsted as veterans and were on the ist day of July, 1864, trans- 
ferred to the 23d Ohio, as Companies C, H and K of that regi- 
rnent The remainder of the regiment, except prisoners of war 
(mostly comprising the wounded at Cloyd Mountain, who had 
to be eft behmd for want of transportation), were mustered out 
at Columbus, Ohio, July u, 1864. 

The veteran companies of the regiment, after their consoli- 
dation with the 2sd Ohio, participated in all the engagements 
of that regiment subsequently occurring in the Shenandoah cam- 
paign under Sheridan, and their losses in killed and wounded ar, 
included in the reports of that regiment 

full 2' ""''' >' '''' '''''' '"^^^ ^"^^^ '' ^"^«^ -^^-e the 
ful three years service "of the regiment as a separate organi- 
zation in active and continuous duty in the field, in which it 
was rarely out of touch with the enemy. 
Inscriptions on monument: 

OHIO 

I2th Infantry 

Commanded by 

Col. Carr B. White 

Hugh Swing's (ist) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

This regiment advanced to this place on afternoon of Sept. 
17, 1862. It nioved from extreme left of Union line of battk 
7^,:; severe fiank fire, and held this position the remainder' 

Its loss was 7 men killed and 26 men wounded; total ,. 



6 O. at A 



66 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



^ 


Twenty-third I nf an try 


<^ 



UNDER the first call of President Abraham Lincoln, Ohio 
sent to the field twenty-two regiments of infantry, each 
regiment having been enlisted for a period of three months 
only. 

Many other companies were organized, or were being organ- 
ized, in various parts of the State, for three months' service, 
when President Lincoln issued his call for 300,000 more soldiers,, 
to be enlisted for three years, unless sooner discharged. 

Nearly all the companies which became a part of the per- 
manent organization of the 23d Ohio were then under tempo- 
rary organization in different parts of the State, awaiting call 
for muster into the service as three months' companies. These 
companies were ordered to Camp Chase, near Columbus, and 
were re-enlisted for three years and assigned to the 23d Ohio 
Regiment, which thus became the first three years' regiment 
from Ohio. 

It was mustered into service on the ist day of June, 1861,, 
and served out its three years, many of the officers and men re- 
enlisting as veterans at the expiration of their terms of original 
service, and were finally mustered out of the United States service 
on the 26th day of July, 1865. 

Its field officers were Colonel William S. Rosecrans, Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Stanley Mathews and Major Rutherford B. 
Hayes, Surgeon Joseph T. Webb, Assistant Surgeon John Mc- 
Curdy, Adjutant Cyrus W. Fisher, Quartermaster Ross McMillen. 



TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. g7 

The Changes in the field and staff of this regiment wer« 

Cote l"';""-'''""^' "' V^'^'eers and was succeeded by 
i-olonel t. P. Scammon, an old officer of the Rem,1»r i 
and who had seen service in Mexico. ™^' 

the St" oT'"*'n "' '''"'^' ''^*^"^ ™^ "^'^^ Colone. of 
the Sist Ohio. Quartermaster McMulIen was made Captain 

of he ist Independent Battery of Ohio Artillery, and Ad' l:^ 

Fisher was appointed Major of the Mth Ohio T^ 

were all fin.rf K ■ ^^ °- '^''<=^<^ P'aees 

Tse of M t' '"T " '^°" *' ^^^'"-'' ««P' in 'he 

case of Major James M. Comly, who was transferred from the 
63d Ohio, where he held the commission of Major. 

eral yohnT'T' "'' '"""''' '' ^^"P ^"^^ "^^ Major-Gen- 
West Virginia, where it saw long, active and arduous service. 

In 1862 it was transferred to the Armv „f .1, r, 
and .00. part in the hattles of South ^rtllT^^r: 
At the former battle Colonel Hayes, who commanded 7h re " 

Major Comly, who commanded the regiment at the battle of 

Antietam, 

of th?' "'"r °' *' "^™'"' " "'"' °f *' ■"-' distinguished 
onh^ more than two hundred regiments sent out by Ohio'durLg 

Being one of the first to take the field, it was composed of 
h very flower of the young men of the State, coming a 7hev 
d^d, from the pulpits, the banks, the offices, he colleges and 
from every department of trade and business. 

mand^rTT "' "". "'" ""' ''""" ^™" ''^ -nks com- 

* fi ndTt!" V"' °*'"' ™"""^ °^^-'-»- in 

the held and its name became a household word in the State 

and Its distinction was a part of the military glory of Ohio ' 



68 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Its first Colonel, Rosecrans, became one of the great com- 
manders in the field, and won name and fame at Murfreesboro 
and Chickamauga. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Stanley Mathews became a United 
Senator, and afterwards one of the Justices of the Supreme Court 
of the United States. 

Major Rutherford B. Hayes became Major-General of Vol- 
unteers, and after the war was a Member of Congress, thrice 
elected Governor of Ohio, and once President of the United 
States. 

Colonel Scammon became a Brigadier-General of Volunteers. 

Major James M. Comly became Colonel of the regiment and 
■Brevet Brigadiei^-General, and, ajfter the war, United States 
Minister to the Hawaiian Islands. 

Commissary-Sergeant William McKinley served fourteen 
years in Congress, was twice elected Governor of Ohio and twice 
elected President of the United States. 

Lieutenant Robert P. Kennedy, after filling every office in 
the staff department, from Captain to Lieutenant-Colonel, was 
made Colonel of an Ohio regiment, Brevet Brigadier-General 
of Volunteers, elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, and served 
two terms in Congress. 

Sergeant William C. Lyon became Captain and afterwards 
Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio. 

The following named privates were also honored after the 
close of the Rebellion: 

Alfred Jerome was elected Commissioner of Cuyahoga 
County, and Wilbur Bently was elected to the same office, and 
also D. H. Kimberly was twice elected Treasurer of Cuyahoga 
County, and many other privates throughout the State have held 
positions of responsibility and honor. 

Because of its especial and abundant supply of most com- 
petent material, the regiment was largely drawn upon to assist 



TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 69 

in the officering and organizing of other Ohio commands, and 
its experience, drill and discipline were largely felt throughout 
the Army. 

It participated in some twenty or more important battles 
of the war, besides numerous skirmishes and minor engage- 
merits. 

Its services were in West Virginia, Virginia, the Shenandoah 
Valley, under Generals Crook and Sheridan, and the Army of the 
Potomac. 

It participated in the following important battles of the War : 

Carnifex Ferry, West Virginia September lo, 1861 

Clark's Hollow, West Virginia May i, 1862 

Princeton, Virginia May 15-18, 1862 

South Mountain, Maryland September 14, 1862 

Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 

Buffington Island July 19, 1863 

Cloyd's Mountain, Virginia May 9, 1864 

New River Bridge, Virginia May 10, 1864 

Buffalo Gap, West Virginia June 6, 1864 

Lexington, West Virginia June lo-ii, 1864 

Buchanan, Virginia June 14, 1864 

Otter Creek, Virginia June 16, 1864 

Lynchburg, West Virginia June 17-18, 1864 

Buford's Gap, Virginia June 21, 1864 

Winchester, Virginia July, 1864 

Berrysville, Virginia September 3-4, 1864 

Opequan, Virginia September 19, 1864 

Fisher's Hill, Virginia September 22, 1864 

Cedar Creek, Virginia October 19, 1864 

Its entire history was one of great distinction and it added 
no little sum to the renown which the sons of Ohio won for them- 
selves and their State upon the battlefields of the great Rebellion. 



70 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Inscription on monument: 

OHIO 

23d Infantry- 
Commanded by 
Major James M. Comly 
Hugh Ewing's (ist) Brigade 
, Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 
Army of the Potomac 

This regiment with its brigade crossed the ford of Antietam 
Creek in the afternoon of September 17, 1862, and held this posi- 
tion until the close of the battle. 

Its loss was 8 men killed; i officer and 58 men wounded; 2 
men missing; total, 69. 

Two of its members afterward became President of the 
United States, Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley. 



TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 71 



^ 


Twenty-eighth Infantry 


^ 



THE 28th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or Second German Ohio 
Regiment) was organized at Cincinnati, Ohio, during the 
months of April and May, 1861, and mustered into the service 
of the United States at Turner Hall, in that city, on June 13, 1861, 
for three years or during the War, with Colonel August Moor, 
a Mexican War veteran, in command. 

Early in July, 1861, the regiment was ordered from Camp 
Dennison, Ohio, to West Virginia, and on September 10, 1861, 
participated in its first battle at Carnifex Ferry, Virginia, under 
General Rosecrans, losing several men in the engagement. Dur- 
ing the following spring of 1862 the regiment participated in 
the engagements at Fayetteville, Gauley Bridge and Princeton, 
Virginia, suffering, however, but small loss in these engage- 
ments. 

In August, 1862, the regiment proceeded with the Kanawha 
Division, under General Jacob D. Cox, to reinforce the Army 
of the Potomac, and, on September 12, 1862, entered Frederick 
City, Maryland, as the advance of the Federal Army, suffering 
on that occasion the loss of the Colonel by capture. On Sep- 
tember 14, participated in the spirited battle of South Moun- 
tain, Maryland, at Foxe's Gap, under General Reno, where the 
regiment lost several men in killed and wounded. Following 
the enemy, the regiment, forming part of General George Crook's 
Brigade, took position at Antietam, participating in that battle, 



72 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

September 17th and i8th. It performed conspicuous service 
at the Burnside bridge, by fording the Antietam just below that 
structure and flanking the rebel position, aided considerably in 
securing possession of the bridge upon the final charge made 
to take it. The regiment immediately reformed, after fording 
the stream, and advanced upon the heights towards Sharpsburg, 
to the line now marked by the monument erected to the regi- 
ment by the generous State of Ohio, holding the advanced posi- 
tion until it was withdrawn at sundown to guard the Union lines 
during the night. The actual loss suffered by the regiment at 
South Mountain and Antietam cannot be accurately stated for 
lack of the reports. 

After the battle the regiment, as part of the Kanawha Divi- 
sion, returned under command of General George Crook to West 
Virginia, and on November 6, 1863, fought at the battle of Droop 
Mountain, West Virginia, under General Averill, flanking and 
attacking the enemy under General Echols, routing the same and 
inflicting a loss to them of 800 killed, wounded and captured. In 
obtaining that victory, we also lost many men in killed and 
wounded. 

In the spring of 1864, the regiment formed part of the force 
under General Sigel, advancing up the Shenandoah Valley, parti- 
cipating in the battle of New Market, Virginia, and again advanc- 
ing under General David Hunter, on Woodstock, New Market, 
Harrisburg and Port Republic. June 5th came upon the rebels 
under General Jones, near Piedmont, who occupied a strongly 
intrenched position. Colonel Moor's Brigade was ordered to 
attack, and after a stubborn contest drove the rebels into their 
works. At about noon it again was ordered to storm the works. 
The assault, made in gallant style, was received with so tremen- 
dous a fire that it forced four regiments, after losing heavily, 
to fall back ; the Twenty-Eighth remained on the ground and was 
ordered to lie down and prevent the enemy from making a coun- 



TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 73 

tercharge. The regiment kept the rebels at bay for three-quarters 
of an hour, when it was recalled and resumed its place in the new 
line of battle, being highly complimented by General Hunter. 
Soon after, the third charge was made with complete success. 
One thousand three hundred prisoners were captured, and about 
the same number were killed and wounded. Among the killed 
was General Jones. The Twenty-Eighth lost thirty-three killed 
and one hundred and five wounded out of four hundred and 
eighty-four combatants; two color bearers were killed and three 
wounded in quick succession, and the regimental flag was per- 
forated by seventy-two balls and pieces of shell. 

The term of service of the regiment ended June 13, 1864 
It was ordered to escort 1,500 Confederate prisoners through the 
wilderness of the West Virginia mountains to Indianapolis, Ind 
from which place it was finally ordered to Cincinnati, Ohio, for 
final muster out, July 23, 1864. 

The regiment lost while in the field, 2 officers killed 7 
wounded; 90 men killed, 162 wounded, and 173 disabled 'by 
disease, making a total of 434. 

The re-enlisted veterans and recruits whose terms of service 

cl"T p?"'" J"' '""^'' ^"^° ^ '^"^"^" ""d- Lieutenant- 
Colonel Edwin Frey, which served gallantly in West Virginia, 
until finally mustered out on July 20, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio 
Inscriptions on monument: 

OHIO 

28th Infantry 

Commanded by 

Lieutenant-Colonel Gottfried Becker 

Crook's (2nd) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 



74 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

This regiment was conducted by General Crook on a recon- 
noissance above the bridge over Antietam Creek on the morning 
of September 17, 1862, and five companies succeeded in crossing 
the creek before the capture of the bridge ; it then formed part of 
the forces that charged and drove the enemy from the creek. 

Its loss was 2 men killed ; 19 men wounded ; total 21. 








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THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 75 



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Thirtieth Infantry 



THE 30th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp 
Chase, Ohio, on the 28th day of August, 1861, and immedi- 
ately armed and equipped, and on the 30th ordered to the field. 
The next day found the regiment at Benwood, Virginia, and on the 
2d of September it reached Clarksburg. 

On the 6th of September the regiment joined Rosecrans' 
army at Sutton, Virginia. Here companies D, F, G and I were 
ordered to remain and the other companies marched toward Sum- 
mersville. Two companies, C and E, were left at Big Birch Bot- 
toms, the remainder of the regiment moved to Carnifex Ferry, 
where a sharp engagement took place ; during the night the enemy 
withdrew to Sewell Mountain. A considerable amount of arms fell 
into the hands of the regiment. A stand of colors, on which was 
inscribed "Floyd's Brigade: the price of liberty is the blood of the 
brave," was secured by the 30th. After a rest of ten days, the 
regiment moved to Sewell Mountain, but further advance was 
rendered impracticable by the condition of the roads, and the 
army fell back to the Falls of the Gauley ; this position was called 
Camp Ewing; the enemy took position on Cotton Mountain, and 
annoyed the troops with artillery. The brigade to which the 30th 
was attached crossed the river, advanced upon the enemy, and 
drove him from his position, and pursued him twelve miles beyond 
Fayette Court House; the regiment entered Fayetteville on the 
14th of November, and quartered in deserted houses. 



76 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The detachment at Sutton frequently engaged in expeditions 
against bushwhackers ; in various skirmishes two men of the 30th 
were killed and quite a number wounded. 

On the 23rd of December, the detachment at Sutton joined 
the regiment at Fayetteville, and on the 25th the regiment held its 
first dress parade. The regiment spent the time during the winter 
working upon fortifications ; several of the companies were sent to 
different outposts. On March 10, 1862, these companies 
returned to Fayetteville, at which time the 30th and two sections 
of McMullen's Battery comprised the entire force at this point. 

On the 17th of April, the regiment removed to Raleigh, and 
from there to Princeton, and on the loth resumed march to Giles 
Court House; at noon information was received that the troops 
at the latter place had been attacked, and were falling back; the 
men unslung knapsacks and pushed rapidly forward, joining the 
23d Ohio at the Narrows of New River. They had marched 
twenty miles in five hours, but arrived too late, as the gate leading 
to the country beyond had been closed by the enemy ; here for eight 
days the allowance for rations was one cracker with a small allow- 
ance of sugar and coffee to each man. Early on the morning of 
May 17th, the regiment fell back to Princeton, and on the following 
day encamped on summit of Great Flat Top Mountain ; being 
without tents, the men stripped the bark from large chestnut trees, 
from which huts were constructed that furnished them shelter. 
On the i6th day of August, the regiment started to join Pope's 
army in eastern Virginia, and reached Brownstown on the Big 
Kanawha River, on the 19th, having carried knapsacks and 
marched ninety-five miles in three and one half days, and were 
glad to leave the mountains, and when the band played "Get Out 
of the Wilderness," as it came down Cotton Mountain to the river, 
deafening cheers showed the hit was duly appreciated. 

The regiment was transported to Parkersburg, where it took 
cars for the East, passing through Washington City on the 23d 



THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 77 

of August, and went into camp that night at Warrenton Junction, 
Virginia. Three days later, the right wing reported for guard 
duty at General Pope's headquarters, the left wing to follow as 
soon as it came off picket. 

General Pope's headquarters were moved to Centerville, and 
the left wing followed in Robertson's Brigade. The left wing 
participated in the Second Battle of Bull Run, and was exposed 
to a heavy artillery fire. General Robertson, in his official report, 
says : "It moved forward under a heavy fire from the enemy's 
batteries in good order, as upon parade." The left wing joined 
the right at General Pope's headquarters on August 31st. 

The regiment joined the brigade at Upton Hills on the 
3d of September. It broke camp on the 6th, marching through 
Washington City, and on the 12th came in view of Frederick 
City, Maryland. 

The 30th deployed, moved by the flank above the city, waded 
the Monocacy, and, converging into the line of battle, entered the 
city. The regiment arrived at South IMountain on the 14th of 
September, and engaged the enemy's skirmishers at 9 o'clock 
a. m. The enemy opened fire upon the regiment from a battery 
behind a stone fence, killing and wounding several men. The 
regiment lay under a heavy artillery fire several hours, and ad- 
vanced against the enemy behind a stone fence at 4 o'clock p. m. 
The line of the enemy advanced at the same time, and a severe 
engagement followed, lasting three-quarters of an hour. The 
regiment bravely stood its ground, losing eighteen killed and 
forty-eight wounded. The regiment moved from South Moun- 
tain, and went into camp below Keedysville, remained there dur- 
ing the i6th, exposed to a heavy artillery fire, moved in the even- 
ing, camped at night in sight of Burnside bridge. 

The next morning, the 17th, the regiment moved to the 
left and front, forded Antietam Creek waist deep, and moved 
up toward Burnside's bridge, which was then in our possession; 



78 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

was then ordered forward on the double-quick to a stone wall, 
about a third of a mile in advance. It was necessary to pass 
through a twenty acre cornfield, in order to reach the wall. When 
the line had advanced as far as the field of corn^ the men were 
almost exhausted, and, for want of proper support, the left wing 
of the regiment was unprotected. General A. P. Hill's rebel 
division came down with crushing force on the exposed flank ; 
the regiment was thrown into some confusion in endeavoring 
to execute a movement by the right flank in order to avoid the 
blow. This regiment was engaged here about 5 p. m. The na- 
tional colors were torn in fourteen places by shot and shell. Both 
color bearers were killed. Sergeant White defiantly waved the 
flag in the face of the enemy until he was killed. Sergeant Car- 
ter, in his death agony, held the flagstaff so firmly that it could 
with difficulty be taken from his hand. Our loss was three offi- 
cers and ten men killed, and one officer and forty-eight men 
wounded, two officers and sixteen men taken prisoners; total 
eighty men. 

On the 8th of October the regiment was ordered back to 
West Virginia. Crossed the Potomac at Hancock, Maryland, 
in pursuit of General Stewart's cavalry, into Pennsylvania. On 
the 1 2th the regiment returned to Hancock and continued the 
western journey. On the 13th of November arrived at Cannelton, 
on the Kanawha, where we erected winter quarters, during which 
time it did some scouting in and about Logan Court House, 
capturing many horses and quite a number of prisoners. Late 
in December the regiment was ordered to join General Grant's 
fleet for Vicksburg, embarking on steamers, reaching Louisville, 
Kentucky, on the 3d of January, 1863, and there camped sev- 
eral days, after which it embarked for Memphis and Vicks- 
burg, and upon arrival was assigned to General Sherman's 15th 
Army Corps. Remained in camp at Young's Point, Louisiana, 
several weeks. Many movements were made by the regiment, 



^ «- . -5 ' 



THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 79 

both on the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers. On April 17th Lieu- 
tenants O'Neill and Chamberlain, with a crew from the regiment, 
took full charge of the steamer Silver Wave, and successfully 
ran the blockade, only one shot from the enemy's guns striking 
the vessel, and that without effect. On the 29th of April the 
regiment was ordered to Haynes' Bluff to make a diversion 
against that point. Returned to camp on the 8th of May. Was 
ordered to Grand Gulf, below Vicksburg, on the Mississippi River, 
on the loth of May, and took up the march to Vicksburg north- 
ward, by way of Rocky Springs, Raymond and Champion Hills. 

On the i8th of May, near midnight, the regiment arrived 
in the rear of Vicksburg, in front of Fort Defiance, on the old 
Graveyard road, one of the principal roads leading to Vicksburg. 
On the 19th of May the regiment participated in the first grand 
assault upon the works around Vicksburg. The charge being 
unsuccessful, the regiment was compelled to fall back. On the 
morning of the 226 the regiment led the second assault in 
General Sherman's front. The flag was placed on the enemy's 
■parapet and guarded there until night enabled the troops to 
retire. A forlorn hope, made up from the 30th, led by Captains 
Groce and O'Neill, preceded the regiment in the charge upon 
the fort, and were compelled to remain in the ditches of the fort, 
exposed to hand shells and hand grenades, thrown by the enemy, 
during the day. 

From the beginning and during the forty-seven days' siege, 
the regiment lost 61 officers and men killed and wounded. 

Immediately after the surrender, the National Army, under 
command of General Sherman, moved at once upon the enemy 
under Joseph E. Johnston, and drove him eastward to Jackson 
and beyond, after which the regiment went into camp on Black 
River, July 23d. 

The regiment left camp September 26th, and embarked at 
Vicksburg, and moved up the river to Memphis. Regiment left 
Memphis October 4th, and encamped at Brown's Ferry, ten miles 



80 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

from Chattanooga, on the 20th of November. On the 25th it 
assisted in an assault, which carried outer Hne of the enemy's 
works. Later in the day the 30th made two assaults on the 
enemy's works on Tunnel Hill, but were compelled to fall back 
on account of strong fortifications in front. Its loss was forty 
men killed and wounded. 

On the 26th of December the regiment was ordered to Belle- 
fonte, Alabama, and arrived there on the 29th. A few days after- 
ward they were ordered to Larkinsville, Alabama, where they 
went into winter quarters. The regiment here re-enlisted as 
veterans and were furloughed thirty days. After the expira- 
tion of furlough the regiment joined Sherman's army for the 
Atlantic campaign. During this campaign the regiment was 
continually under fire and engaged in all the principal battles 
between Chattanooga and Atlanta. 

The regiment started on the 15th of November on Sher- 
man's march through Georgia to the sea, and on the 13th of Decem- 
ber was in front of Fort McAllister, on the Ogeechee River, and the 
same day the fort was taken by assault in a hand to hand conflict. 
The 30th was specially mentioned in General Hazen's official 
report. 

On the 17th of January the regiment embarked on the steamer 
Cosmopolitan and went into camp at Beaufort, South Carolina, 
on January i8th, 1865. 

The regiment moved northward on January 26tli, on the 
campaign of the Carolinas, wading swamps and streams, one 
of the former being a mile wide and waist deep, at North Edisto 
River; passed through Columbia, South Carolina, and went into 
camp on the west side of the Congaree River. 

After a severe engagement north of Columbia on Febru- 
ary 17th, halted near Bentonville, North Carolina. At this place 
there raged a severe battle of two days, in which the 30th lost 
quite a number of men. The regiment marched through Golds- 
boro to Raleigh, North Carolina, where it remained until the 



i»^ ' -u. 



THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 81 

29th of April, and then took up the march northward, by way of 
Richmond, to Washington, and on May 21st the regiment reached 
the south end of Long Bridge at Washington. On March 
23d it participated in the grand review down Pennsylvania avenue. 

On June 2d, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Louisville, 
Kentucky. On June 25th it embarked at Louisville for Little' 
Rock, Arkansas, where it remained until August 13th, when 
it was ordered home, and immediately embarked, arriving at 
Columbus on the 21st of August, 1865. 

The regiment was paid and discharged on the 22d of August, 
1865. This regiment traveled as such, during its time of service' 
a distance of 13,200 miles. 

Total officers and men, including all recruits, during the 
war, were 1,036. 

'Killed and died from wounds received in battle : Officers, 9 ; 
enlisted men, 132; total, 141. 

Died from disease: Enlisted men, 153; total deaths, 294. 
Inscriptions on monument: 

OHIO 

30th Infantry 

Commanded by 

Lieut. Col. Theodore Jones (Captured) 

2 Major George H. Hildt 

Hugh Ewing's (ist) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

Upon the back, in raised, polished letters : 

This regiment was engaged here about 5 o'clock p. m., Sep- 
tember 17, 1862. Its loss was 3 officers and 10 men killed, includ- 
ing both color bearers; i officer and 48 men wounded; 2 officers 
and 16 men taken prisoners ; total, 80. 

7 O. at A. 



82 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



^ 


Thirty-sixth Infantry 


^ 



THERE is so much to be truthfully said, and that should 
be recorded in history, of a command that performed so 
much of worth as did the 36th Ohio Regiment, to comply with 
a request to give its history in less than half a dozen pages is a 
task more than difficult. 

Indeed, it is impossible to condense the narration of its deeds 
to such brief space without, in marked measure, doing violence 
to its records as a whole. 

If the "Boys in Blue" would write history as well as they 
made it, what a grand record they would bequeath to posterity. 

After the Battle of Bull Run (first), while excitement ran 
high in Washington City, President Lincoln authorized Hon. Wil- 
liam Cutter, M. C, to have a regiment recruited at Marietta^ 
Ohio. As result, the 36th Ohio. 

Camp Putnam, adjoining the city, was its rendezvous. 

By August 17, 1 86 1, ten companies of volunteers had assem- 
bled there, and by August 27 organization was completed, and 
they were mustered in by Henry Belknap, Captain i8th United' 
States Infantry. 

Hon. Melvin Clark, a prominent attorney of Marietta, be- 
came its Lieutenant-Colonel; Professor Ebenezer B. Andrews,. 
Professor of Natural Sciences in Marietta College, Major; Rob- 
ert N. Barr, subsequently Surgeon-General of Ohio, Surgeon. 



i 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. go 

Friday, August 30th, the regiment received Springfield 
rifles and left for Parkersburg, West Virginia. 

Major A. J. Slemmer, who had acquired honorable distinc- 
tion by reason of recent conduct at Fort Pickens, Florida, but at 
that time a member of General Rosecrans' stafJ, was assigned to 
temporary command. 

On the 31st six companies marched into West Virginia for 
the purpose of breaking up predatory bands of bushwhackers 
After traversing a number of counties, on September 17th the 
command went into cantonment in the town of Summersville 
county seat of Nicholas County, West Virginia. 

The first day out the regiment sustained its first loss in 
the accidental death of young Stewart, of Company A. 

That portion of the regiment remaining at Parkersburg was 
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Clark. October 5 i^t em- 
barked on the Ben Franklin, landing at Camp Piatt, head of 
navigation on the Big Kanawha, Sunday, October 6th. Here 
the command exchanged their Springfields for Enfield rifles. Oc- 
tober 19th Lieutenant-Colonel Clark's command started for Sum- 
mersville, where it arrived p. m., October 22d. 

The officers and friends of the regiment, who had been 
strenuous and unremitting in their endeavor to secure an efficient 
Colonel, were successful in the person of George Crook, Captain 
4th United States Infantry. In latter part of September Colonel 
Crook relieved Major Slemmer and assumed command. 

The winter of 1861-2 was a very trying one upon the regi- 
ment. Typhus and other camp diseases prevailed. Deaths were 
frequent. As many as three were laid away in a day, some fifty 
in all that winter. 

Colonel Crook had a large drill shed, over 1,200 feet in length 
built in the valley, just without the town. There, every day 
except Sunday, or when the men were scouting, the regiment 



84 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

was drilled from four to seven hours, attaining that proficiency 
that subsequently made it famous. 

Company A was sent to Crosstown, where it remained dur- 
ing the winter. The other companies did a large amount of 
scouting. 

Leaving Company B, Captain Adney, to hold and care for 
Summersville, the regiment, May 12, 1862, set out for Lewis- 
burg, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. There they arrived 
on the 15th. 

The 36th was now a component of 3d Provisional Brigade, 
Colonel Crook commanding. May i6th the brigade, except camp 
guards, made a raid through White Sulphur Springs to Jackson 
Station, on the Virginia Central Railroad, the cavalry going 
twelve miles further and burning a large bridge that spanned 
the James River. The command returned to Lewisburg on 
19th, with prisoners and spoils. 

This bold and successful raid into the heart of the enemy's 
stronghold greatly exasperated General Heth. In retaliation he 
determined to exterminate the Yankee command at Lewisburg, 
the home of many of his men. At break of day. May 23d, Heth, 
with 3,500 infantry, eight cannon and a battalion of cavalry, at- 
tacked Crook's forces. 

The 36th and 44th O. V. L, about 1,200 strong, gave Heth 
battle, stampeding his command. Heth acknowledged his com- 
plete discomfiture by burning the Greenbrier bridge, three miles 
out, before all his fugitives had crossed. The Confederate Gen- 
eral lost in dead, wounded, prisoners and deserters over one-third 
of his entire force. So sure were the Confederates of defeat- 
ing the Yankees, that their relatives and friends in the town 
had spent the night in cooking a feast for their breakfast, after 
they had purged the community of the "Yankee invaders." By 9 
a. m. the brigade was as quietly settled down again to routine as 
though nothing of moment had occurred. 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 85 

The regiment lost 5 killed, 41 wounded, two mortally, who 
died that night. Sergeant-Major W. S. Stanley, of 36th, thus 
stated the enemy's loss: 

Dead, in our hands 5o 

Wounded, in our hands 75 

Wounded, carried away 100 

Prisoners jq- 

Lost their lives crossing Greenbrier 3 

Wounded crossing Greenbrier g 

Cannon (two were 10 pounder rifled Parrots) 4 

Small arms oqq 

Horses ^ . 

24 

Among prisoners on hand are i Lieutenant-Colonel, i Major, 
3 Captains and 4 Lieutenants. 

This was the regiment's maiden battle. 

General Fremont being called off from his march on Lynch- 
burg, Virginia, to attack Stonewall Jackson, General J. D. Cox, 
of whose command the 3d Provisional was a part, was informed 
that the concerted movement he was to make with Fremont was 
abandoned, therefore he must use his own discretion in protect- 
ing his command against the rebel forces in his proximity, which 
were now left free to concentrate upon him. The enemy assum- 
ing the aggressive, Cox, with his immediate command. May 21st, 
retired to a defensible position on Flat Top Mountain. This left 
Crook far to the front and unsupported. May 29, Crook also 
retired fifteen miles and established his brigade in the strong ~ 
defensible position at Meadow's Bluff. From this point he 
essayed two extended raids far into the enemy's territory, the 
enemy retiring. General Cox, commanding the Kanawha Divi- 
sion, was ordered to join Pope in the East. August 15th the 
36th filed out of camp, headed for Camp Piatt, ninety miles 
distant, where it arrived p. m. 17th. A. m. i8th the division 



86 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

embarked, the 36th on the Allen Collier, Generals Meigs and Pike, 
for Parkersburg. Arrived at their former camp on the 20th, 
and found a camp full of relatives and recruits, awaiting. P. m. 
of 25th, boarded palatial ( ?) hog car for Pope's army, passing 
through Washington, D. C, was hurried across the Potomac, 
arriving at Warrenton Junction, 24th ; disembarking after a sixty 
hour ride. The sound of battle was there and continued sounding 
in our ears until our return to Arlington. On evening of the 25th, 
the regiment held dress parade. There were among the onlookers 
many generals, among others Pope, who was so pleased as to 
pay the regiment a high compliment. A raid of the enemy had 
divided the 'Kanawha, so that but part of the brigade reached the 
front. Possibly, partially at least, owing to this fact the 36th 
was assigned at Pope's headquarters as guard, and as such were 
held as reserves. 

At 7 a. m., September 6th, the regiment left Arlington, 
marched through Jordansville, across the old aqueduct, through 
Georgetown, and up Pennsylvania avenue to front of White 
House, there halted and stacked arms. 

Pardon, if I relate an incident. The regiment had marched 
up the avenue with that swinging, springy, steady stride, acquired 
only by thorough drill and much marching. Through dust and 
heat the boys marched, well in line, at rout-step, attracting marked 
attention from many army and government officials, as also a 
multitude of citizens. By the time guns were stacked, quite a 
gathering had assembled. Upon command, "Break ranks," the 
boys instantly scattered and vanished. Governors Dennison, of 
Ohio, and Pierpont, of West Virginia, were calling at the White 
House. Learning that an Ohio reginient had halted on the avenue 
in front, accompanied by President Lincoln, the Governor started 
to view the regiment. Colonel Crook, advised of their coming, 
had the bugles sound the "assembly." As if by magic, the men 
came hurrying from every direction. Two were followed by a 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 87 

policeman, one of the twain carrying a watermelon. The fleet- 
footed boys reached their gun stacks before the "cops" could lay 
hands on them. Coming up, he demanded the surrender of the 
melon. In an instant, the melon was dropped and broken into 
fragments, to which the boys, without comment, pointed. In a 
trice those pieces of melon were cleaned up and the rinds thrown 
away, arms taken and the proper honors extended the distin- 
guished visitors. Mr. Lincoln witnessed the episode. Standing, 
leaning his shoulders against the iron palings, he laughed heartily. 
Colonel George Crook was promoted to a Brigadier-General, 
Clark to Colonel. Significant, or not, their commissions dated 
from that date. 

The regiment marched out Seventh street to the old Scott 
camp ground and bivouacked. 

The Maryland campaign was on. 

The Kanawha Division was assigned to the 9th Corps, Reno 
commanding. McClellan's report says: "The right wing, con- 
sisting of 1st and 9th Corps, under command of Major-General 
Burnside, moved on Frederick City, the 9th Corps via New 
Market, Reno out Seventh Street Road." General Strother (Port 
Crayon), formerly of Pope's, now of McQellan's staff, says: "We 
have news that the enemy has crossed the Potomac, and his 
advance, 5,000 strong, marched into Frederick City this morning. 
This afternoon a column of 20,000 infantry, with 60 pieces of 
cannon, moved up street leading toward Frederick. Events are 
progressing so rapidly that we have no time for speculation. Lee 
is actually across the Potomac. It must be their necessity, and 
not their hopes, which urges them to their desperate venture." 

September 7th, the head of column began that long to be 
remembered "Sabbath day's journey." Heat, dust, thirst, intense, 
stifling. Men by the hundreds fell by the wayside, many dying. 
About 4 p. m. went into bivouac near Leesboro, un a slight eleva- 
tion in a meadow, the most beautiful spot ever occupied by the regi- 



88 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

ment. That night a terrific thunder storm blew down tents and 
deluged the troops. 

Noon, 1 2th, passed through New Market, and had first tilt 
with the enemy ; followed them up and pushed them out of Fred- 
erick. Pen nor tongue can portray the ovation extended the Union 
troops by the citizens. The regiment passed the reputed home of 
Barbara Fritchie, in passing through the city to the outskirts, 
where it encamped in battle line along the Middleton Pike. The 
15th, a little after noon, it resumed the march passing through 
Middleton and encamped on the banks of the Catochin Creek at 
base of South Mountain. Sunday, September 17th, early in the 
morning, the Kanawha Division was ordered forward to sup- 
port General Pleasanton. The ist Brigade had the advance 
and was sent by General Pleasanton along old Sharpsburg 
Road to feel the enemy and ascertain if he held the crest on 
that side in strong force. He did. General Cox, with 2d Bri- 
gade, followed in touch with ist. Information being re- 
ceived from General Reno that the column would be sup- 
ported by the whole corps, the Kanawha Division was ordered 
to assault the position. This it did valiantly, gaining and holding 
the crest on their front. The 36th was held in reserve. Colonel 
Crook was ordered by general commanding to send the 36th to 
right of 2d Brigade to charge and drive the enemy from the crest 
there. The regiment marched to base of a declivity, on summit of 
which severe fighting was in progress. It formed "rear in front," 
halted and "fixed bayonets." Company G was deployed as skir- 
mishers and ordered forward, the regiment advancing in support 
until the company opened fire, when Colonel Crook, his hat held 
aloft in one hand, and his sword in the other, shouted to the com- 
mand, "36th, charge !" Away they went, yelling like demons incar- 
nate. The rebels fled precipitately. General Cox, in his report, 
speaks of it as a most dashing and spirited charge. The regi- 
ment then retired to its position as reserve. The regiment's cas- 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 89 

ualties were 7 killed, 34 wounded and missing. Colonel Crook 
was highly commended by General Cox in his report for "the gal- 
lantry and efficiency displayed." The regiment bivouacked upon 
the battlefield, suffering from cold until their blankets ar- 
rived, and disturbed the balance of the night by the cries 
and moans of the wounded. The succeeding day the regi- 
ment marched about five miles and halted for the night in 
a ploughed field. On the morning of the i6th, the enemy 
opened upon us with artillery, but after a few rounds from 
our batteries the foe retired. It was about 10 a. m., when 
they resumed from a long line of guns, a like line of our guns 
replying. From our position we could plainly see both lines and 
witnessed, for the hour it lasted, a magnificent artillery duel. Our 
guns were firing over us. Owing to some defectiveness, a number 
of boys were wounded. In the afternoon the regiment moved to the 
left through a cornfield, and came upon the rebel skirmishers. For 
awhile our batteries pressed upon the enemy ironical compliments, 
but with little damage. The regiment halted and lay close under 
the protection of a bank in that cornfield until dark, when they made 
themselves as comfortable as possible, and there remained through 
the night. 

Quoting from McClellan's report of the 17th: "General 
Burnside's Corps, consisting of the divisions of Generals Cox, 
Wilcox, Rodman and Sturgis, was posted as follows: Colonel 
Crook's Brigade, Cox's Division, on the right. Early in the morn- 
ing of the 17th, I ordered General Burnside to form his troops and 
hold them in readiness to assault the bridge in his front and await 
further orders. Colonel Crook's Brigade was ordered to storm 
the bridge. This bridge (number 3) is a stone structure of 
three arches with stone parapets. The banks of the stream on the 
opposite side are precipitous and commanded the eastern approaches 
of the bridge. On the hillside, immediately by the bridge, was a 
stone fence, running parallel with the stream. The turns of the 



90 



OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



roadway, as it wound up the hill, were covered with rifle-pits and 
breastworks of rails, etc. These works and the woods that covered 
the slopes were filled with the enemy's riflemen, and batteries were 
in position to enfilade the bridge and its approaches. From Colonel 
Crook's position it was found impossible to carry the bridge. 
Colonel Crook brought a section of Simmons' Battery to a posi- 
tion to command the bridge. The 51st New York and the 51st 
Pennsylvania were then ordered to assault the bridge." The re- 
ports of Generals Burnside, Cox and other division commanders, 
are in line with above quotation and will be referred to further 
along. 

Early in the morning heavy cannonading was heard far on 
our right, telling us the battle was on in earnest. Shortly after 
these sounds broke in upon us, several shells came hurling into 
our camp in the sunken cornfield, one of them knocking down 
several stacks of guns. Immediately thereafter the regiment 
marched toward the front. Notwithstanding severe fighting 
had been indulged in, in an eflFort to take number 3 (Burnside) 
bridge, the 36th did not until later become actively engaged — not, 
indeed, until after it had crossed the bridge; this it did without 
firing a g^n. After crossing, it formed below the bridge under 
the low hill bordering the stream, its right extending nearly to 
(he Sharpsburg Road. Here it remained well sheltered, until 
probably about 3 p. m., when it was ordered to advance. This 
movement was made on the double-quick over rolling and ascend- 
ing ground that had been ploughed and was very rough, and over 
post and rail fences, so staunch they had to be climbed. While 
we were crossing these fences the enemy's sharpshooters gave us 
their strenuous and unremitting attention. While crossing the 
two small ridges it was under heavy fire of grape and can- 
ister; the enemy's guns were posted on a knoll that afforded 
them full sway of the ground the regiment was compelled to 
pass over. Just as the regiment had passed over the second 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 



91 



roll of ground into a shallow swale, Colonel Clark gave the 
command to "lie down"— "Men, lie down, every one of you." 
He motioned his command with his sword. As he uttered 
the command a shot from a rebel gun on our left front, 
where the enemy was heavily massed, struck him on the 
right thigh at its junction with the hip. He fell, dying in a few 
seconds. The regiment was greatly shocked thereby, for he was 
deeply respected, honored and loved by his men. Ten days before 
he had been promoted to succeed Crook to the colonelcy of the 
regiment, but, I believe, had not learned of his newly acquired 
honor. General Crook came along, cast a sad look at his late 
friend and companion in arms, then took personal charge of the 
regiment. After resting in that hollow for a short time, the regi- 
ment moved forward to a stone fence near the summit of the hill 
immediately overlooking Sharpsburg. Here it halted and 
engaged the enemy, witnessing also the heavy fighting on 
either wing. Said Sergeant True of G: "It was while we lay 
behind this fence that the battle on the left was lost. A few more 
troops put in promptly on our left and pushed forward would 
have gained us a very decided victory. From where we lay by 
that fence, we could see enough men behind Antietam not at all in 
action, to have rolled up Lee's right like a scroll." 

From the viewpoint occupied by the regiment like opinion, 
as expressed by Sergeant M. C. True, impressed itself upon the 
thinking men of the regiment. Darkness was growing apace, 
the drawing of night's curtain was gradually shutting out the 
scenes. Our forces to our right and left not having advanced so 
far as the 36th, and those with it, we were left without adequate 
support on either flank. The regiment was withdrawn, and under 
the shades of evening repaired to its former position near the 
bridge on the brow of the hill overlooking the bridge and creek 
and slept on arms all night. 

The battle of Antietam had passed into history. 



92 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The regiment's casualties were 3 killed, 21 wounded and 2 
missing. 

How the 36th missed the glory of being the first regiment 
to cross Burnside bridge, and Colonel Crook disappointed! 

If my readers will read the reports of McClellan, Burnside, 
Cox, Crook, et al., of Antietam, they will comprehend the dis- 
appointment that befell the Colonel and his regiment : 

"Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

"Omaha, Nebraska, December 19, 1887. 

"John T. Booth, M. D. : 

"My Dear Doctor: — Yours 12th instant, just at hand. On 
the morning of the 17th of September, Captain Christie, of General 
Cox's staff, came to me while we were lying in that sunken corn- 
field, where, you remember, we passed the night, and told me that 
General Sturgis' Division had failed to take the bridge, or had 
been repulsed, I don't just recall the language now; upon my 
inquiring where the bridge was, he replied, 'Damned if I know,' 
but supposed it was in the direction he pointed. Upon my remon- 
strating against such an indefinite order, he replied in a curt man- 
ner that he had done his duty in giving the order and it was my 
duty to obey it. Having heard the firing in the morning in the 
direction pointed out by Christie, I went forward with the nth 
Ohio to reconnoitre. We had not proceeded far before we came 
across the dead and wounded of General Sturgis' Division. I 
went sufficiently far in advance to see the situation and to convince 
myself that the bridge could not be taken from that point. I left 
the I ith Ohio where it was and took the 28th Ohio and a section 
of Simmonds' Battery to the right of the nth and up the creek 
into some small hills, leaving the 36th in the road near the brick 
house. I posted the section of artillery on a point that enfiladed 
the enemy's position and, in the meantime, had directed part of the 
28th to cross the creek above the bridge by wading the stream, 
keeping the remainder of the 28th as a support to the artillery. 
My intention was to cross the bridge with the 36th Ohio myself. 
In a short time after opening of the battery's fire and the crossing 
of the 28th above the position of the enemy, they retreated, and by 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 



93 



he time I reached the 36th, two regiments of some other command 
valked across the bridge without having anything to do with 
aking it. I may also add that these two regiments referred to 
*rere the first troops I saw outside of our own command. If any 
►ther troops than our brigade had anything to do with the taking 
>f the bridge, I don't know it. I feel sure in my own mind they 
lidn't have. 

"Yours sincerely, 

"George Crook." 

Behind this letter, and one I have from General Cox along 
ame line, is quite an interesting history which time and space 
•rohibits relating. 

October 6th the Kanawha Division returned to West 
/"irginia. January 25, 1863, the regiment embarked at Charles- 
on on transports for Nashville, Tennessee. From there it contin- 
led up the Cumberland to Carthage, thence in May to Murfrees- 
>oro, where it became a member of Reynolds' Division, 14th 
Thomas) Corps, actively participating in the Tullahoma and 
"hattanooga campaigns, and battles about Chattanooga. 

In February, 1864, some three hundred and sixty of the men 
•ecame veterans and were furloughed. Those who did not 
►ecome veterans continued with the army of the Cumberland until 
iter the attack on Kenesaw Mountain. 

The veteran 36th was transferred to Charleston, West Vir- 
finia, again to be under Crook. It participated in the Dublin raid 
:ngaging in battle at Cloyd Mountain, in the Lynchburg raid 
mder General Hunter, and subsequently retreated to Meadow's 
Bluff. The regiment returned to Charleston; from thence, via 
i*arkersburg, to Martinsburg, West Virginia. 

August 7th General Sheridan took command of the army 
>f the Shenandoah. Under his command the regiment actively 
)articipated in the battles in the Valley. It remained in the Valley 
mtil December, 1864, when it went into winter quarters near 



J 



94 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Cumberland, Maryland, where on the 26th of February, 1865, the 
members of the 34th O. V. I. were transferred to and consolidated 
with the 36th. In April went via Winchester to Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. About middle of June broke camp and reported at Cum- 
berland; there took cars to Wheeling, West Virginia, going into 
camp in Fair Grounds on the island, where on July 27th it was 
mustered out by A. Pettit, Captain O. V. Cavalry. The regiment 
was then sent to Columbus, Ohio, there paid, and on August i, 
1865, disbanded. 

The 36th participated in the following engagements of magni- 
tude: Lewisburg, West Virginia; Bull Run (2nd); Frederick 
City, Maryland; South Mountain; Antietam; Tullahoma Cam- 
paign ; Murfreesboro ; Hoover's Gap ; Chickamauga ; Brown's 
Ferry; Mission Ridge; Qoyd's Mountain; Lynchburg; Kenesaw 
Alountain (general assault); Lexington ; Cabletown, July 19, 
'64; Charlestown; Kearnstown; Winchester; Martinsburg; Hall 
Town; Berryville; Opequan; Fisher's Hill; Cedar Creek; Cable- 
town, November 19, '64, and Beverly, Virginia. Also participated 
in many others less actively or they were of lesser note, as Cedar 
Glades, Birch River, Meadow's Bluff, James River Bridge, Man- 
assas, Chantilla, Frederick City, Dublin Station, Strasburg, Sum- 
mit Point and others. 

The records in my possession and those found in "Regimental 
Losses in Civil War — Fox," are not in absolute harmony, yet the 
difference is so minor that Fox's records are acceptable and here 
given. Page 493 gives regiment's casualties : "Killed and died of 
wounds, officers 4; enlisted men 136; total, 140. Died of diseases, 
accidents and in prison, 163 ; total, 303. Died of disease, killed 
in battle and by accident, wounded severely and missing, 518. 
Died in Confederate prisons 36 (previously included), total 518." 
The latter statement on page 323, Fox, also gives total reinlist- 
ments as 364. This summary of the regiment is necessarily so 



THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 95 

brief as to deprive the command of many of the most glorious 
and interesting statements of its magnificent history. 
Inscription on monument: 

OHIO 

36th Infantry 

Commanded by 

Lieutenant-Colonel Melvin Clarke (killed) 

Crook's (2nd) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

This regiment advanced near the bridge over Antietam Creek 
on the morning of September 17, 1862. Supporting Sturgis' 
Division, it participated in the charge by which the bridge was 
captured. Lieutenant-Colonel Melvin Clarke was killed near this 
spot. 

Its loss was I officer and i man killed ; 21 men wounded ; 2 men 
missing ; total, 25. 



96 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



^ 



First Ohio Independent Battery 



4^ 



THE First Independent Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, was 
organized at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, by the 
election of James Ross McMuUen of Mansfield, Ohio, as Captain, 
Geo, D. Croon of Dayton, Ohio, ist Lieutenant, and G. H. 
McClung of Troy, as 2d Lieutenant. The organization was 
the combination of the one-gun batteries, as they existed under 
the Ohio militia laws of Dayton and Troy, and to those were 
added individual members from nearly every part of the State. 
The Troy contingent was the first in camp on the 4th of July, 1861, 
the Dayton organization joining the next day, July 5th. The 
Battery was mustered into the military service of the United 
States on the 6th day of July, 1861, for a term of three years, unless 
sooner discharged. On the 6th day of August it left Camp Chase 
for Clarksburg, West Virginia, where it met for the first time its 
future division commander. General W. S. Rosecrans. At 
Clarksburg the battery was equipped with four mountain howitz- 
ers, and a full complement of raw, unbroken mules to draw the 
guns, and carry on pack saddles the ammunition. The battery 
never had a greater battle with patience than the breaking of the 
mules, and at the beginning it was no uncommon sight to see a 
mule running away with a piece of artillery or several hundred 
pounds of ammunition. With the 23rd O. V. L, the battery 
marched to Weston, thence by way of Buckhannon, Beverly and 
Cheat Mountain Pass over the country to Sutton, where 



FIRST OHIO INDEPENDENT BATTERY. 97 

the division rendezvoused, and where the battery was brigaded 
with the loth, i2th and 13th O. V. I., commanded by General 
Benham. Thence the entire division marched through Summers- 
ville until, on the loth of September, '61, late in the evening, they 
encountered the fortified forces of General J. B. Floyd, of the 
Confederate Army, at Carnifex Ferry on the Gauley River. A 
sharp engagement followed in which the infantry suffered con- 
siderable loss, Colonel Lowe of the 12th being killed, and 
Colonel Lytle of the loth being wounded. During the night the 
forces evacuated their fortified position and retreated across the 
Gauley, and continuing their retreat to Sewl Mountain, followed 
by the Union forces. From and after this action, the battery was 
known m the command and at home as the "Jackass Battery." 

After a desultory campaign along the east side of the Gauley 
durmg which the battery had one man wounded, the division 
crossed Cotton Mountain on the west side of the Gauley, and again 
engaged Floyd's forces in an entrenched camp, driving them out 
after much skirmishing, and following them about twenty-five miles 
south of Fayetteville, when they returned to that place. On 
General Rosecrans being assigned the command of the army in 
Tennessee the old division was broken up, and the battery assigned 
to a brigade composed of the 12th, 23rd and 30th O. V I com- 
manded for a short time by General R. C. Schenck. 

The command went into winter quarters at Fayetteville until 
the early part of 1862, when one section was sent to Raleigh with 
a battalion of the 23rd, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel R B 
Hayes. 

On May i, 1862, the brigade and other troops from the Ka- 
nawha advanced toward the south, going as far as Parisburg in 
ones County, Virginia. Communications being disturbed the 
entire force fell bacic, and the brigade stopped and camped for some 
months on Flat Top Mountain. In August, a division composed 
of the nth, i2th, 23rd, 30th and 36th O. V. I., and the 1st Ohio 

8 O. at A. 



98 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

and 1st Kentucky Batteries, and Gilmore's Cavalry, commanded 
by General J. D. Cox, went east to join Pope's army of Virginia, 
of which it was an integral part. Of the entire force but two of 
the regiments got through to Pope's army, although part of the 
division took an active part in an engagement at Bull Run bridge 
with the Jersey Brigade of General Taylor. During the operation 
of Pope's army, the battery occupied, with other troops. Fort Ram- 
sey on Munson Hill. 

On the reorganization of the army under General McClellan, 
to re^el Lee's invasion of Maryland, the Kanawha Division was 
assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, and marched from Washing- 
ton to Fredericktown, when the rear guard of the Confederates 
was first encountered and driven from the field. Following the 
retreating army on the 13th of September, camp was made at Mid- 
dletown. The next morning, Sunday, September 14th, the 
advance was soon up against the army on South Mountain. Mov- 
ing to the left, the division took position, and the battery was 
engaged with the Confederate artillery. Swinging yet farther 
to the left, one section of the battery formed in line under Lieuten- 
ant Oroome with the infantry of the division on a ridge near the 
crest of the mountain, facing a stone wall, but a few rods distant, 
behind which, and in the woods, the febels were posted. On leav- 
ing West Virginia, the howitzers had been turned over to the 37th 
O. V. L, and we were equipped with brass field pieces and a brace of 
Parrot guns. 

An attempt was made to serve the guns, when the eflFort 
meant almost certain death, and while doing it, one of the can- 
noneers was hit with a bullet across the hand and dropped the 
ramrod. Lieutenant Oroome sprang to take his place, and in 
the act received a mortal wound, from which he died in a few 
hours. The men were ordered to lie down until the 28th and 
36th were in line, when order to charge was given, and the 
immediate front was cleaned. 



FIRST OHIO INDEPENDENT BATTERY. 99 

On the night of the i6th the battery and division arrived on 
the battle ground of Antietam, and early on the morning of the 
17th was placed well to the left of the long lines of artillery, 
on the ground overlooking the valley of the Antietam, During 
the battle that followed Alonzo Rooks was struck by a solid 
shot from a Confederate battery and instantly killed. Immedi- 
ately after the battle the battery was taken to Washington and 
entirely refitted with four regulation steel guns. The division 
generally fared well after Antietam, Colonels Crook, of the 36th, 
and Scammon, of the 23d, Hugh Ewing, of the 30th, and Moore, 
of the 28th, being promoted as Brigadier-Generals. 

The rebels having again entered the Kanawha Valley, and 
captured and were operating the salt works, the division was 
again returned to West Virginia, and marched over much the 
same ground, and doing its work over again in cleaning the 
valley, and the battery again went into winter quarters at Fay- 
etteville. In May, 1863, the rebels made a day and a half attempt 
to force the works at Fayetteville ; but the garrison, having 
been reinforced from the Kanawha Valley, the enemy retreated, 
and were followed as far as Raleigh by the infantry and artil- 
lery, and as far as Flat Top Mountain by the cavalry. 

In July of the same year an advance was made as far as 
Raleigh, and the rebels scattered from the immediate front. 
Swinging swiftly backward, the command fell back to the Ohio, 
to take part in the work of heading off John Morgan and his 
horde, but arrived too late to be needed, but reached Buffington 
Island in the effort, and on the return quite a few of Morgan's 
men surrendered to the battery, being glad of a chance of falling 
into the hands of the volunteers, rather than into those of the 
irate "Squirrel Hunters." 

Returning to Fayetteville, the battery spent its third win- 
ter in quarters at that place until late in the season, when it 
was attached to General Duffie's Cavalry Brigade, in which it 



100 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

was to serve as horse artillery; but the scheme was abandoned, 
and in the spring, at the commencement of operations, it returned 
to the 2d Brigade, then composed of the 12th and 9th O. V. I. 
and the 9th West Virginia Infantry. Early in May, the division, 
now commanded by General George Crook, opened the campaign 
of 1864, by advancing on the west side of New River toward 
Dublin Station, on the Virginia and East Tennessee Railroad, meet- 
ing with no serious opposition until Cloyd's farm was reached, 
when the rebels, in intrenched position, withstood for a time a 
further advance, the artillery doing good service here, being much 
better and more efficiently equipped than that of the Confederates, 
notwithstanding the advantage of the earthworks. The engage- 
ment was a severe one, considering the number engaged, but the 
enemy was driven off in confusion and was followed to Dublin, 
when large captures in stores and arms were made. 

Crossing to the west side of the river, the division captured 
and occupied the defense of New Bern, capturing quite a number 
of pieces of artillery, and fell back to Meadow Blufifs, when prep- 
arations were made for the expedition to the East to join the 
forces of General Hunter, advancing up the Shenandoah. The 
junction with the ist Division of the 8th Corps was made at 
Staunton, after a march across the mountains without much op- 
position. From Staunton the advance was made to Lexington, 
where an engagement occurred, in which Private George Tank, 
of the battery, was killed. Thence, by Buchanan and Liberty, the 
corps made a demonstration against Lynchburg, where quite a 
serious engagement took place on the evening of our arrival there. 
During the night the enemy were heavily reinforced, and on the 
next day made a furious assault on our lines, but were repulsed 
by the Kanawha Division. On nightfall the Confederates largely 
outnumbered the Union troops, and in the darkness the 8th Corps 
commenced a retreat toward Liberty, and fell back through West 
Virginia to the Kanawha, harassed much of the way by the Con- 



N 



V-^K, 



^''V 



OliLO 



^^ BATTERY 
LIGHT ARTILLERY 

' COMMANDED BY ^ f 

Capt. JAMES RJcMULLIN ^ 



KANAWHA DIVISION 

HIMTH ARMX CORPS 

iRMYOFIHlPQlOHAt 



FIRST OHIO INDEPENDENT BATTERY. 101 

federates. It was a toilsome, fruitless march, most of it, the men 
suffering constantly for rations of any sort, through a region scant 
at best of food and supplies of any sort. 

The battery remained at Charleston for some weeks, when it 
was ordered home for discharge, and was mustered out at Todd 
Barracks, in Columbus, on the i6th day of July, 1864, Captain Mc- 
Mullin, the only one of the original officers, being mustered out 
with the company. Most of its members re-entered the service 
in other organizations, and remained in the service until the end 
of the war. The detachments of recruits that had, from time 
to time, been added to the battery remained in service until the 
expiration of their term, serving under Captain Kirtland in West 
Virginia and in the Shenandoah. 

Inscription on monument: 

OHIO 

1st Battery Light Artillery 

Commanded by 

Captain James R. McMullin 

Hugh Ewing's (ist) Brigade 

Kanawha Division 

Ninth Army Corps 

Army of the Potomac 

This battery occupied a position about 250 yards due east 
of this. 



102 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



^ 


Dedication of Monuments 


^ 



IT was originally intended by the Commission to dedicate the 
Ohio monuments at Antietam on the 17th of September, 
1903, the forty-first anniversary of the battle, but, owing to the 
uncertainty as to whether they would all be in place on that 
day, and to the further fact that the State of New Jersey dedi- 
cated its monuments on that date, it was thought best to post- 
pone our dedicatory services to the 13th of October, 1903. There 
were present at that time several hundred of the old comrades 
and citizens of Ohio, headed by Governor George K. Nash. The 
day was an ideal one. A large number of the citizens of Mary- 
land honored the occasion by their presence. There was quite 
a delegation from Washington, among which were the Acting 
Secretary of War, General Robert Shaw Oliver; General E. A. 
Carman, of the National Commission, and General Ian Ham- 
ilton, of the British Army, was also an interested and interesting 
spectator on the occasion. The accommodations in the locality 
for a meeting of this kind were limited, but, owing to the skill 
and good management of Major J. T. Moore, of the Commission, 
who had charge thereof, everything was nicely arranged, and 
all were made comfortable. There was no friction or incon- 



a 
a 
2; 

w 
n 

C 

n 




DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 103 

venience in any particular. The services were held in front of 
the now historic Dunker church, baptized during the battle with 
the best blood of both armies. 

The Commission having specially invited President Roose- 
velt to be present and make an address on the occasion, he kindly 
sent the following letter, expressing regret at his inability to be 
present : 

Oyster Bay, N. Y., September 9, 1903. 
My Dear Major Cunningham: , 

I have gone carefully over my engagements, and I am very 
sorry to say that it is simply out of the question for me to accept 
your invitation. So great is my desire to meet the wishes of the 
members of my predecessor's old regiment, that if I were able 
to break through my rule in your favor I should certainly do 
so; had I been warned in time, I might have been able to make 
arrangements; but now that I have accepted an invitation to 
speak at Antietam, and inasmuch as I speak to another body of 
Grand Army men in the week of the dedication of Major Mc- 
Kinley's monument, it is simply impossible for me to make an- 
other speech at this time. 

You have no conception of the number of requests I receive 
for speeches, which I should like to make, were I able to. There 
is none that I have refused with greater regret than this. 

I shall ask the Acting Secretary of War and the Lieutenant- 
General of the Army to be present. 

Sincerely yours 

Theodore Roosevelt. 



204 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

PROGRAM OF THE DEDICATION OF OHIO MONU- 
MENTS ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM, 
MARYLAND, OCTOBER 13, 1903. 

1. Prayer, by Rev. William R. Parsons, Chaplain 66th O. V. I. 

2. Report of Commission, by Captain W. W. Miller, of the 

8th O. V. I., Secretary-Treasurer of the Commission. 

3. Introductory Remarks, by Major David Cunningham, of the 

30th O. V. I., President of the Commission. — Presenta- 
tion of monuments on behalf of the Commission to Hon. 
George K. Nash, Governor of Ohio. 

4. Presentation of monuments to the War Department of the 

United States, by Hon. George K. Nash, Governor of 
Ohio. 

5. Acceptance of monuments, by Acting Secretary of War, 

Hon. Robert Shaw Oliver. 

6. Orations, by Comrades who participated in the Battle. — Gen. 

Robert P. Kennedy, 23d O. V. L, and General Eugene 
Powell, 66th O. V. I. 

7. Address, by Samuel B. M. Young, Lieutenant-General and 

Chief of Staff, U. S. A.* 

8. Benediction. 

9. Visit to batttlefield and inspection of monuments. 

Promptly at 10 a. m.. Major D. Cunningham, President of 
the Commission, called the meeting to order, and Rev. William 
R. Parsons not having arrived, he introduced Rev. O. S. Kriebel, 
of Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, who delivered the invocation, as 
follows : 

O God, our Heavenly Father, we come into Thy holy pres- 
ence on this hallowed spot and acknowledge our dependence 



•General Young was not able to be present, on account of important official 
business. 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS, 105 

upon Thee. We would lift up our hearts in praise and gratitude 
unto Thee, for all the manifold blessings Thou hast so graciously 
bestowed upon us in times past. 

We thank Thee, O God, for our national mercies and bless- 
ings. We thank Thee for the glorious principles and the noble 
institutions of liberty, education and religion, which our fathers, 
under Thy guiding hand, were led to establish upon this conti- 
nent. We devoutly offer thanks for the true and loyal men 
whom Thou didst raise up from time to time for their country's 
service, and who labored so faithfully, in times of peace and war, 
for the maintenance and preservation of our cherished institu- 
tions. Especially do we thank Thee, O God, most reverently and 
most profoundly, for the devotion and sacrifice of the many brave 
men, who, on this field of battle, and on many another field of 
conflict and carnage freely gave themselves to their country's 
service, that this government of the people, by the people and for 
the people might not perish from the earth. May their arduous 
labors and their heroic sacrifices inspire us all to better service in the 
cause of our common country. May the memory of those who have 
freely offered themselves upon their country's altar be a cher- 
ished heritage and a source of living inspiration to the millions 
who are enjoying the unnumbered blessings of our blood-bought 
institutions. 

Do Thou, O God, look down in mercy upon us as a nation 
and as a people. Have mercy upon our national sins and iniqui- 
ties. Bless with Thy divine approval the feeble efforts of Thy 
people to serve Thee. Do Thou bless those in authority. Give 
wisdom and guidance to those in whose hands is the directing 
and shaping of the affairs of our country. Do Thou strengthen 
the forces that make for enlightenment and true liberty. Do 
Thou so move upon the hearts of Thy people that sin, lawlessness 
and corruption may be suppressed and uprooted and that right- 
eousness, justice, mercy and peace may prevail within our bor- 
ders, and that our noble institutions, purchased at such an ex- 
penditure of costly sacrifice, may be strengthened and perpetu- 
ated for the blessing of our children and children's children in 
the ages to come. May we indeed be a people whose God is the 
Lord. 

And now, O God, we commend ourselves to Thee. Do 



106 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Thou bless the exercises of this day. Give utterance to those 
who shall speak to us. Do Thou help us to keep green the mem- 
ory of friend and foe, who fell here in their country's cause. In- 
spire us all to a larger measure of devotion to our common flag 
and to a truei loyalty to our country's interests. Draw us all 
into a closer fellowship with Thyself, and make us to taste the 
joy of Thy forgiveness and Thy loving service. May Thy king- 
dom come and Thy will be done among us individually and as a 
people, as it is done in heaven. Amen. 

The Chairman, in introducing Captain Miller, said : 

It is an old established rule of law that a steward should be 
ready at all times to render an account of his stewardship. 

Acting upon this principle, the Secretary and Treasurer 
of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission will now report 
what the Commission has done and how they did it. 

Captain W. W. Miller, of the 8th O. V. I., our Secretary, 
will now make report. I will say for him personally, that if 
he g^ves half as good an account of the Commission as he did 
of himself as a soldier in 1862, fighting in front of Bloody Lane 
(the Golgotha of this field), his report will be beyond com- 
parison. 

Mr. President, Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen : I have the 
honor to submit the following brief report of the Ohio Antietam 
Battlefield Commision: 

May 12, 1902, the General Assembly of Ohio enacted a law 
"To authorize the appointment of a Commission to mark the po- 
sitions occupied by Ohio troops on the battlefield of Antietam 
with suitable monuments, and to make an appropriation to pay 
the costs of the same and to pay the personal expenses of the 
Commission." 

June II, 1902, Hon. George K. Nash, Governor of Ohio, 
appointed the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission, consisting 
of the following members : David Cunningham, Cadiz, 30th O. 
V. I. ; J. T. Moore, Barnesville, 30th O. V. I. ; T. J. West, Tiffin, 



■WffBgg'^^ 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 107 

8th O. V. I.; D. H. Kimberley, Cleveland, 23d O. V. I., and 
W. W. Miller, Castalia, 8th O. V. I. 

(Note.— On account of the protracted illness of Comrade 
T. J. West, Comrade E. T. Naylor, Tiffin, 8th O V.. I., was, on 
June 16, 1903, authorized by the Governor to act as his substi- 
tute.) 

July 7, 1902, the members of the Commission met at the 
State House, Columbus, and organized by electing David Cun- 
ningham, President and W. W. Miller, Secretary-Treasurer. 

The Commission immediately proceeded to prepare for the 
erection of suitable monuments by the purchase of sites on the 
battlefield, and advertised for designs and proposals for monu- 
mental work. 

January 29, 1903, the Commission held a meeting in Colum- 
bus, for the purpose of inspecting designs and considering pro- 
posals for monumental work, submitted by well known and 
prominent manufacturers of the country. On the following day, 
January 30, 1903, the Commission decided to accept designs 
and proposals submitted by the Hughes Granite and Marble 
Company, of Clyde, Ohio, they being, in the judgment of the 
Commission, the best offered by the several parties competing 
for contracts. 

February 28, 1903, all details having been satisfactorilv 
arranged, the Commission entered into contract with the said The 
Hughes Marble and Granite Company for the erection of ten 
monuments on the Antietam battlefield, as follows : 

One to Commissary-Sergeant William McKinley, of the 23d 
O. V. I., for his valiant act in supplying his regiment with cooked 
rations while on the firing line; one to the 5th, 7th and 66th O. 
V. I., and eight separate monuments to the ist Ohio Independ- 
ent Battery and the 8th, nth, 12th, 23d, 28th, 30th and 36th 
regiments, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 

All the Ohio troops engaged in the sanguinary and stub- 
bornly contested battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, acquit- 
ted themselves with great honor to themselves, their State and 
their country. It seems proper to make special mention of the 
great valor displayed by Commissary-Sergeant William McKin- 



108 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

ley, of the 23d O. V. L, in furnishing his regiment with hot cofifee 
and cooked rations while on the firing line, without orders, and, 
in fact, in violation of orders received from (to him) and un- 
known general officer, whom he met, and by whom he Vv^as turned 
back when he first attempted to cross "Burnside bridge." After 
the general officer had passed out of sight, the intrepid McKin- 
ley — a boy of nineteen years of age — resumed his zealous and 
gallant search for his comrades, and succeeded in provisioning 
them on the spot where Ohio has done herself great honor in 
erecting the McKinley monument. 

The official records of the United States War Department 
show that the Ohio commands engaged in the Battle of Antie- 
tam, with the number of troops engaged and the losses sustained, 
were as follows : 

1st Ohio Independent Battery — Number of men engaged, 
not reported; no losses reported. 

5th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, not 
reported; killed, eleven (11); wounded, thirty-five (35); cap- 
tured, two (2) ; total, forty-eight (48). 

7th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, not 
reported; killed, five (5); wounded, thirty-three (33); total, 
thirty-eight (38). 

8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
three hundred and forty-one (341); killed^ thirty-two (32); 
wounded, one hundred and twenty-nine (129); total, one hun- 
dred and sixty-one (161). 

nth Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
not reported; killed, four (4) ; wounded, twelve (12) ; captured 
or unaccounted for, five (5) ; total, twenty-one (21). 

28th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
not reported; killed, two (2); wounded, nineteen (19); total, 
twenty-one (21). 

36th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, not 
reported; wounded, six (6) ; total, six (6). 

66th Ohio Volunteer Infantr}' — Number of men engaged, 
one hundred and twenty-three (123) ; killed, one (i) ; wounded, 
twenty-three (23); total, twenty-four (24). 

The 1 2th, 23d and 30th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, together 
with the 1st Ohio Independent Battery, and two separate com- 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 109 

panics of West Virginia troops, constituted a brigade, which 
went into action with fourteen hundred and fifty-five ( 1,455) 
men. 

1 2th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
two hundred (200) ; killed, seven (7) ; wounded, twenty-six 
(26) ; total, thirty-three (33). 

23d Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
not reported; killed, eight (8); wounded, fifty-nine (59); cap- 
tured or unaccounted for, two (2) ; total, sixty-nine (69). 

30th Ohio Volunteer Infantry — Number of men engaged, 
not reported ; killed, thirteen (13) ; wounded, forty-nine (49) ; cap- 
tured or unaccounted for, eighteen ( 18) ; total, eighty (80). 

The monuments "to mark the positions occupied by Ohio 
troops on the battlefield of Antietam" are now in position, to the 
entire satisfaction of the Commission, to the everlasting honor 
and memory of the patriotism, loyalty and bravery of all the Ohio 
troops who took part in the memorable engagement, both dead 
and living, and to the honor and credit of the State of Ohio, and 
are now ready to be dedicated. 
Respectfully submitted, 

W. W. Miller, 

Secretary-Treasurer of Commission. 

Address by Naior David Cunaingham 

I desire to say, on behalf of the citizens of the State of Ohio here 
present, that we have many reasons to feel highly complimented by 
the presence of so large a number of the citizens of this community 
to grace a meeting which more directly concerns the people of 
Ohio than of Maryland. The compliment is more highly appre- 
ciated, knowing that, living as you did, during the years 1861-5, 
on the border between the two armies, you were exposed to all 
the vicissitudes and annoyances of active warfare, and therefore 
have less reason to remember with pleasure those trying days. 
I am also told that you were not then in entire accord, but, 
on the contrary, it frequently happened that one brother would 
be fighting in the Union army, while another served in the Con- 



110 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

federate, and father would be arrayed against son, and the son 
against his father; one-half of the community recognized the 
stars and bars as their national emblem, and the other half still 
holding to the stars and stripes. But, looking in your faces to- 
day, I believe you are all in happy accord with us, and rejoice 
as heartily as we do that the war terminated as it did, and that 
you rejoice with us that we are again a united, happy, prosperous 
and strong nation ; that we have but one national emblem, recog- 
nized and acknowledged everywhere, and that emblem "old glory" ; 
the flag that your Maryland Colonial ancestors were instrumental 
in having chosen, and that has ever since floated over a nation 
which they, with their blood and treasure, helped to establish, 
and under a free constitution, which they helped to form and 
adopt. Thanking you again for your presence here, I further 
desire to say that we regard as right and proper, and we think 
the whole world will agree with us, that on this, the forty-first 
anniversary year of the great battle fought here, that the sur- 
vivors of that memorable conflict should meet on this field for the 
patriotic purpose of dedicating these monuments, provided by 
the State of Ohio, to mark the sites where her various military 
organizations performed their most conspicuous service in the 
great contest here enacted. 

On the morning of the 17th of September, 1862, these hills 
and valleys, now presenting a veritable Arcadia, where all is 
peace, harmony and good will, were then filled with the charg- 
ing thousands of the contending armies, under the command re- 
spectively of Major-General George B. McClellan on the one 
side and General Robert E. Lee on the other. 

The battle was opened by daylight on the Union right by 
"Fighting Joe" Hooker, who, with his characteristic impetuosity, 
pushed his charging columns up to and beyond the Dunker 
church, where they were met by the concentrated Confederate 
divisions, under the immediate command of Stonewall Jackson, 
and the stars and stripes had to give way temporarily to the stars 
and bars ; but they, too, were again driven back, and so it contin- 
ued hour after hour. 

When the right of the Union line had exhausted itself, the 
center took up the gauntlet; later in the day the left became en- 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. Ill 

gaged, and thus the fight went on from early dawn until stars 
came out in the evening. 

That night over 25,000 of the flower and chivalry of both 
armies lay stretched on the field. Five thousand dead and over 
20,000 wounded, in all forms of mutilation, covered the ground 
between the two contending forces. 

It has been truly said by a distinguished historian of the 
Civil War, that the 17th day of September, 1862, was the blood- 
iest day America ever saw. 

If criticism were allowed, I would say that the campaign 
of invasion was badly planned on one side and inefficiently met 
and defeated on the other. 

But whatever criticism may be indulged in as to the gen- 
eral direction and management of the battle by the commanding 
generals of either army, no critic has ever taken exception to 
the splendid fighting qualities displayed by both armies. There 
was no displaying of the white feather anywhere; every com- 
pany, regiment and brigade did their whole duty; every order 
given, that was possible in human nature to be obeyed, was car- 
ried out to the letter. 

The bravery and patriotic valor of the Union army, dis- 
played on this occasion, is worthy of all praise. Time has not 
dimmed their acts of bravery, and the years, as they go by, 
instead of clouding the luster of their patriotic deeds, have only 
added new brightness and fuller recognition. As an evidence 
of this, we find, after nearly forty years had elapsed, the Legis- 
lature of Ohio, upon the recommendation of its patriotic Gov- 
ernor, Nash, voting the money to rear these monuments we are 
here today to dedicate, to mark the places where its representa- 
tive military organizations not only covered themselves with 
glory, but added imperishable honor and renown to the State 
they represented. Not that these monuments can add new luster 
t^ their fame; that is not their purpose, but they are intended as a 
feeble recognition thereof, and for the further purpose of 
enabling the descendants and friends of the men who fought 
here, when, in the years to come, they may visit this field (as I 
trust they will never cease to do to the remotest time), to find 



112 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

the exact spot where their ancestors fought, and maybe died, 
that these States, forming the Government of the United States, 
should cease to be held together by mere ropes of sand, but should 
be welded together by bands of steel in one compact, cohesive, 
indissoluble whole, forming one imperishable, imperial, if you 
so choose to call it, government of the whole people. 

The law under which the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Com- 
mission was created was enacted by the present General Assem- 
bly of Ohio in its regular session, and the Commission was ap- 
pointed by Governor George K. Nash, in pursuance thereof, in 
July, 1902. 

Whatever mistakes or failures we have made, and they are 
doubtless numerous, want of promptness is not one of them. 

To you, Governor Nash, this Commission desires to return 
thanks for the many acts of courtesy extended to us, both col- 
lectively and individually, and further desire to thank you for 
numerous and valuable suggestions, made by you during the 
progress of our work ; and, now that we have completed the 
same, we sincerely hope that what we have done may meet not 
only your own personal approval, but the approval, as well, of 
the people of Ohio, whose servants we are, and we are especially 
solicitous that our work may receive the commendation of our 
comrades, the surviving members of the different Ohio military or- 
ganizations, who participated in the great conflict here waged. 

And, Governor, I am further directed and empowered by 
the Antietam Battlefield Commission to say to you that the trust 
you delegated to us has been fully performed to the best of our 
ability, and we now surrender to you these monuments, that have 
been erected under our supervision, to be by you transferred, in 
pursuance of the law providing for the same, to the General 
Government of the United States, to be hereafter under tlie 
special keeping and custody of the Secretary of War. 



Address by Governor George K. Nash 

Major Cunningham and Members of the Ohio Antietam Bat- 
tlefield Commission : You were soldiers who took part in the great 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 113 

battle of the Civil War fought upon this field on the 17th of Septem- 
ber, 1862. I am sure that it was a work of love upon your part to 
erect for Ohio the ten monuments in memory of the heroism 
here displayed by your comrades. I congratulate you that this 
work has been completed, and that it is of such a character as 
to be a credit, not only to you, but also to your State. 

FORTY YEARS AGO. 

It is now more than forty years since the men, whose deer's 
of valor we thus honor, contended on this field. The monuments 
of bronze and granite which you have erected cannot make their 
tory's imperishable pages. No words of ours can add to the lus- 
fame more enduring, for their achievements are .nscribed in bis- 
ter of their patriotism of purest ray, as it is alreadv deeply en- 
shrmed in the hearts of their countrymen. 

Neither are we here to boast over those who were then our 
Jfoes. Ours is a loftier, more noble and patriotic purpose. They 
are no longer our enemies. They are our friends. We are all 
Americans. We love one country. We owe allegiance to one 
government. We live under one flag, which each of us, I am 
sure, IS ever ready to defend, now and evermore. If, when we 
leave this scene and the lessons here inculcated, our love of coun- 
try is not more sincere, our allegiance to our Government is not 
more firmly cemented, and our love for the flag is not more 
intense, our coming together will have been for little purpose. 

LINCOLN'S PROPHECY TRUE. 

When the great conflict began, and all seemed lost, the 
President of the United States was of sufficient strength and 
nobihty of purpose to look beyond the storm, and utter this mes- 
sage of hope: "Though passion may strain, it must not break 
•our bonds of aflfection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching 
irom every battlefield and patriot grave to every loving heart 



9 O. at A. 



114 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the 
chorus of the Union, when again touched, as they surely will be, 
by the better angels of our nature." The better angels now hold 
sway. The prophecy of Lincoln has become history. 



McKINLEY, THE SOLDIER. 

There was in this battle a young soldier from Ohio, by name 
William McKinley. He was the Commissary-Sergeant of the 
23d regiment, O. V. L On the afternoon of the close of the 
battle, with much personal risk to himself, he supplied his hungry 
comrades with cooked rations, upon that part of the field where 
they had valiantly contended for hours with their intrepid foe. 
For this act the State of Ohio has erected upon the ground where 
this service was performed a beautiful monument, and dedicated 
it to his memory. This soldier was afterwards President of the 
United States, and became a martyr for his country, as did Lin- 
coln. Like Lincoln, he prayed that the passions of the Civil 
War might pass away, and that affection for the Union might 
be restored to all the people of this country. 



OHIO'S GREATEST PLEASURE. 

For this reason Ohio has taken all the more pleasure in 
erecting this monument. Fortunately, he lived to see the evi- 
dence of the cordial feeling, to which he contributed so much, be- 
tween the North and the South, which existed during the Span- 
ish-American War. This led him to exclaim : "What an army of 
silent sentinels we have, and with what loving care their graves 
are kept! Every soldier's grave, made during our unfortunate 
Civil War, is a tribute to American valor. And while, when 
those graves were made, we differed widely about the future of 
this Government, those dififerences were long ago settled by the 
arbitrament of arms ; and the time has now come in the evolution 
of sentiment and feeling, under the providence of God, when,. 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 115 

in the spirit of friendship, we should share with you in the care 
of the graves of Confederate soldiers." 



LEARN TO LOVE FLAG. 

As the years go by, it is our hope that whoever wanders over 
these fields and looks upon the monument lovingly erected by his 
State to the memory of McKinley, will learn to love and rever- 
ence the flag as he loved and reverenced it. 

Those who recall the incidents of the Spanish-American 
War in 1898 will not forget the affair of the torpedo boat Wins- 
low, in the harbor of Cardenas, on the coast of Cuba. While gal- 
lantly defending his little boat, Ensign Worth Bagley, of North 
Carolina, was killed by an enemy's shell. By his side, fatally 
wounded by a fragment of the same shell, fell a brave young sea- 
man, George Meek, of Ohio. Thus a son of the South and a 
son of the North gave up their lives in support of a common 
cause and the one flag which floats over our reunited country 
today. 

Surely the prophecy of the great and patriotic Lincoln has 
been realized, and our country has been reunited in the harmo- 
nious bonds of love and peace, more glorious than ever before. 
One duty rests upon us all. These fields, once red with the 
precious blood of our beloved brothers, should indelibly impress 
its importance and sacredness upon us. Henceforth and forever- 
more, it is and should be our patriotic mission to defend the Govern- 
ment of our fathers and uphold our glorious flag. 

DEFEND THE GOVERNMENT. 

Mr. Acting Secretary of War: It now becomes my duty to 
surrender to the care and keeping of your Department the mon- 
ument erected upon this field in honor of the heroism of William 
McKinley and the monuments erected by the State of Ohio in 
memory of the 5th, 7th, 8th, nth, 12th, 23d, 30th, 36th and 66th 
regiments, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and the ist Ohio Independ- 
ent Battery. I do this with great pleasure, because I know that 



116 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

our Government will forever cherish and preserve them for the 
benefit of future generations. 

The Chairman, introducing General R. S. Oliver, said: 

We have here today the present head of the War Depart- 
ment, who has kindly come over from Washington, to be pres- 
ent on this occasion, and to formally receive the Ohio monuments 
we have here dedicated today. I now have the honor of present- 
ing to you the Acting Secretary of War, Hon. Robert Shaw 
Oliver, who will, on behalf of the War Department, respond to 
the address of Governor Nash. 

General Oliver, Acting Secretary of War, in a few well 
chosen remarks, accepted, on behalf of the War Department, the 
monuments at the hands of Governor Nash. He also paid a high 
compliment to the volunteer soldier of the Civil War, and to the 
State of Ohio, which so kindly and patriotically remembers her 
citizen soldiery, and spoke of the beautiful monument to Ser- 
geant McKinley, and the incentive that it would have, in inspir- 
ing the hearts of the youth of the State in the performance of 
duty, and in spurring them on to the performance and accom- 
plishment of brave and patriotic deeds. 

President Cunningham said: 

I have now the pleasure of introducing the orator of the day, 
an old and tried soldier, who, immediately after the firing upon 
Sumter, enlisted for the war, and served continuously until 
after Appomattox. He was present and conspicuous for his 
bravery in the fight here in 1862. 

He has since served his State in Congress, and as Lieutenant- 
Governor, presiding over the Senate of Ohio, he was the pioneer 
counter of a quorum in a legislative body. The Tom Reed rules 
in Congress, which secured to Speaker Reed the title of Czar, 
were simply patterned after the rules he established in the Senate 
of Ohio, and which secured him the title of King Bob. I now 
introduce to you General R. P. Kennedy, of Ohio, who will 
address you. 



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DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 117 



Address by General R. P. Kennedy 

Upon this field of Antietam was fought one of the most 
desperate battles of the War of the Rebellion, upon the out 
come of which hung the destinies and liberties of millions of hu- 
man beings. The ^n rose upon fields covered with grass and 
grain, and rich with the promise of the coming harvest; it went 
down behind the mountains, and left blackened fields covered with 
blood and slaughter and tears. 

One hundred and fifty thousand men here contended for the 
mastery, and twenty thousand were left dead and dying upon these 
slopes and hillsides before the battle was either lost or won. 
Three hundred pieces of artillery made the deafening music of 
the great battle, while one hundred and fifty thousand small arms 
added to the mighty struggle, which continued from sunrise to 
sunset. It was one of the hardest fought and most desperate 
battles of the war, but it was fraught with the greatest blessings 
to the country, to humanity and to the world. 



AFTER THE BATTLE. 

It is fitting that we should come, after all the passions of the 
war have cooled, and when we can gather up and fairly estimate the 
results of these mighty conflicts, to bear testimony to the patient 
heroism of those who were a part of that great struggle, and to 
measure its worth by the blessings which have become a part of 
the country's glory and the people's liberty. We must not forget 
the cost at which all these have been purchased, nor the sacrifices 
necessary to win them. We must not forget the great leaders 
who here offered up their lives, and the heroic men whose names 
are written in the records of their country's history. 

On these fields of blood and battle marched and fought the 
grandest armies the world had ever seen, and in these contests 



118 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

the most patriotic and intelligent soldiers the world had ever 
known. The men in the ranks of these armies came from the 
quiet homes of the people. They were the bone and sinew of 
the nation. They had been schooled in the intelligence which 
comes from the splendid opportunities of a free and enlightened 
people. Never before upon the face of the earth had such armies 
gathered for war and battle. 

The men in the ranks were equal in intelligence and learn- 
ing to their commanders in the field. They had both alike come 
from the banks, the farms, the pulpits, the factories and the uni- 
versities. The followers of today became the leaders of tomorrow. 
The men in the ranks stepped forward to fill the places of the 
generals who fell in battle. It was an army of freemen fighting 
for the unity of the country and the liberty of the human race. 



THE HEROES AND MARTYRS. 

What splendid figures stand out from these battlefields: 
There on the right is Sumner, the lion hearted hero of the army, 
who knew neither fear nor favor, whose courage was as un- 
measured as it was unconquered and unquestioned, whose soul 
was as tender as a woman's, going down to death, to glory and 
to victory. 

There is white haired Mansfield, grand old soldier of the 
Republic, whose wish to die on the battlefield with his harness 
on found its consummation on this battlefield of Antietam. 

Yonder on the right is Hooker, in the midst of a fire and car- 
nage that was as fearful as it was destructive, pushing before 
him the red tide of battle, and slowly, but surely, driving back- 
ward hosts that would have been invincible before other arms 
than those of Americans fighting for liberty and unity. 

Here at the bridge is Burnsides, splendid soldier of the Re- 
public, whose patriotism was as intense as his ability was un- 
questioned. 

There is that quiet but most accomplished soldier. Crook, 
winning on every battlefield the fame that was to place his name 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 119 

among the foremost of the country's defenders, and that was 
to lift him into the front rank of its greatest soldiers. 

Here is Cox, among the very first to take the field from Ohio 
in the beginning of the war, and whose record was one of excep- 
tional distinction and renown. 

Still further to the left was Sturgis, holding the line that 
was to be the bulwark of defense, and in front of which was to 
be enacted a fearful tragedy of war and death. 

On yonder hillside Lee, Jackson and Longstreet, the mighty 
leaders of the Confederates, were holding with desperate deter- 
mination the line of the Potomac, and endeavoring to stay the 
oncoming hosts of the Union armies, and hoping, by one des- 
perate stroke of battle, to bring not only victory to their cause, 
but to discourage and disrupt the cause of the Union armies. 

When the sun went down upon the conflict the western skies 
were red with the flame of battle. Twenty thousand men lay 
dead and dying upon the fields, and twenty thousand homes 
were disconsolate, but above this field of death and desolation 
floated in triumph the flag of the Union. 



THE PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION. 

From this battlefield, and from the midst of its dead and 
dying, came the greatest act of the martyred President. You 
will recall the fact that he had promised himself that if the Union 
armies were successful and the Confederates should be driven 
from Maryland he would issue the proclamation of emancipa- 
tion, and on the 22d day of September, five days after this battle 
of Antietam, there was sent forth, over the signature of Abraham 
Lincoln, the greatest document ever witnessed by human hand. 

This battlefield had not only won for the nation a new lease 
of life, but it had torn from the constitution a living lie, and had 
won for four millions of human chattels that measure of liberty 
which God had intended for all mankind. 

Abraham Lincoln held aloft the broken shackles of four mil- 
lions of men and women, and lifted them, all broken, crushed and 



120 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

bleeding, to the plane of universal manhood. It was the greatest 
triumph of the centuries; it was the triumph of liberty over 
slavery; it was the uplifting of humanity over the degradation 
of a hundred years of servitude and toil. 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 

I saw Abraham Lincoln but twice: once before he became 
President, the night after his great Cooper Institute speech, he 
came to the city of New Haven to address the people. Standing 
before that great multitude, tall, gaunt, swaying backward and 
forward, like a mighty oak, one sentence of that wonderful ad- 
dress I shall never forget. I quote it from memory, after more 
than forty years have passed : 

"I hold this truth to be self-evident, what is right in South 
Carolina is right in Connecticut; what is wrong in Connecticut 
is wrong in South Carolina. I hold human slavery to be wrong, 
in Connecticut, and I hold human slavery to be wrong, eternally 
wrong in South Carolina." 

That sentence is ringing like a crystal bell, it was emblazoned 
on the red sky of battle, it has become a part of the nation's history, 
it has been written in the constitution of the country, it is going 
down the ages. 

I never saw Abraham Lincoln but once again. On this bat- 
tlefield of Antietam, after the fearful storm of war had swept 
over it, he came to review that splendid Army of the Potomac. It 
had been a part of the fortune of war, young officer that I was, 
that I should be in charge of a part of the extreme left of that army 
during the battle, and as he passed down the line I was called 
to the front and presented to him as the youngest commander 
of the Army of the Potomac. The great man took my hand and 
kindly said, "The young men of the nation must preserve the unity 
of the land and the liberties of the people." Though I should 
live into the centuries the proudest moment of my life was the 
moment when on this battlefield of Antietam, Abraham Lincoln 
took the hand of my younger manhood and smiled down upon me 
like a great benediction. 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 121 

Abraham Lincoln: It seems to me that when he walks the 
streets of the New Jerusalem that angel wings are bowed in rever- 
ence as he passes, and angel fingers are pointing, while angel lips 
are whispering, "There goes the great emancipator." 



OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

On this battlefield Ohio found her place; scarcely a single 
contest in all that long and devasting war where the sons of Ohio 
were not to be found taking part in the struggle, and from Bull Run 
to Appomattox the names of her heroic sons are carved upon the 
monuments which are marking these battlefields and making them 
forever illustrious. It is eminently fitting that we should leave 
for other generations some tribute of our admiration to the men 
whose valor did so much for the preservation of our institutions, 
and who neither hesitated nor halted to give their all that a 
nation dedicated to liberty and freedom should not perish from off 
the earth. 

We lift these monuments not alone to the dead but to the liv- 
ing; they bear witness to coming generations of the valor of the 
fathers who preserved our institutions for the sons who were to 
come after. On this field, forty-one years ago today, was enacted 
that mighty tragedy of war which we are met to commemorate, and 
to this field Ohio sent some of her most illustrious sons. Crook, 
Cox, Carroll, Scammon, Creighton, Coleman, Comly, White, 
Ewing, Clark and McKinley, names which are now and will be 
forever associated with this one of the greatest battles of that 
marvelous rebellion, whose end was to bring about a long and last- 
ing peace between the sections, and to forever cement the founda- 
tions of the republic. 



THE HEROES OF BATTLE. 

What deeds of heroism were here enacted? That splendid 
specimen of manhood and soldierly bearing, Colonel Coleman of the 
nth, charging the bridge only to fall in the very moment of vie- 



122 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

tory; Colonel Clark, of the 36th, leading his men across plowed 
fields and fallow, in the grand charge, only to fall in the front rank 
of the peril ; Colonel Patrick, of the 5th, to escape death in this hur- 
ricane of war, to find it later at New Hope Church ; that younger 
soldier Colonel Creighton, of the 7th, performing deeds of valor, 
to be spared for a time only to find a soldier's death at Ringgold ; 
and with them that marvelous and heroic army of soldiers whose 
arms sustained and whose valor won these splendid victories of the 
Union arms. 

THE COLOR BEARER OF THE 23D OHIO. 

I shall never forget the color bearer of my old regiment, the 
23rd Ohio, Armstrong ; tall, handsome, courageous, he was the per- 
fection of manly beauty. W;ith what pride and devotion he clung 
to the banner entrusted to his keeping, always in the front ranks 
of the peril, always the rallying point for his devoted comrades. 

I shall never forget his reply at South Mountain, as he came 
out of the battle still bearing his banner, and I said to him, "Why, 
Armstrong, I heard you were killed, you are not going to carry 
that banner still. I tell you no one can carry it and live," and I 
shall never forget the haughty scorn of his answer as he turned 
and said, "Then I'll carry it and die," and three days afterwards, 
on this battlefield of Antietam, after he had borne it over plowed 
fields and fallow, in the very front of the peril, when the fight grew 
thicker and the battle waxed warmer, the angel of death stooped 
down and touched him upon the shoulder, and the angels of 
mercy and of peace with uplifted fingers pointed the way to the 
pearly gates of Paradise. The ball which had struck the standard 
pierced the standard bearer to the heart, and he fell, wrapped in 
the folds of the banner he had loved and borne so well ; it was liter- 
ally dyed with his blood. He sleeps today on that hilltop yonder, 
and when the morn of the resurrection comes he will answer the 
roll call of the justified, and lift aloft the banner of the redeemed 
on the fields above. 

THAT OLD BANNER. 
At the reunion of my old regiment, the 23rd Ohio, I saw 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 123 

this banner again. There it was, all torn and tattered, covered 
all over with the record of its battles and its victories ; you could 
not have sold its tattered remnants in a junk shop for a farthing, 
but you could not have purchased its glory and its history for mil- 
lions upon millions of money. 



THE PRIVATE SOLDIER. 

I would do no injustice to those great leaders whom we all 
delight to honor, but the men who fought these battles and won 
these victories were the private soldiers of the Republic. Stand- 
ing on yonder hilltop, in the midst of the National Cemetery, and 
overlooking this great battlefield of Antietam, is a heroic figure, 
carved in granite, representing the private soldier of the Republic, 
leaning upon his arms, at rest after the battle. What other charac- 
ter could so fully illustrate the strength, the safety and the 
grandeur of the commonwealths ? 

It was the private soldier who stood between this nation and 
its destruction, it was the private soldier whose courage and devo- 
tion on these fields of blood and carnage upheld the glory of the 
country and forever preserved its unity. 

It was the private soldier upon whose heroism and patriot- 
ism Abraham Lincoln leaned and found him ever ready and willing 
to perform prodigies of valor for the country and its preservation. 
It was the private soldier who carried the musket and bore the arms, 
that pushed back the armies of the nation's destroyers, and left 
long lines of dead and dying upon these fields of strife and battle. 
Let him be carved in granite as indestructible as the everlasting 
hills, and let it stand as a witness to the valor and devotion of the 
men who came from the quiet homes of the country, determined 
that a nation dedicated to the liberties of the human race should 
not perish from oflf the earth. 

LINCOLN AND THE PRIVATE SOLDIER. 

What a close and lasting alliance Abraham Lincoln formed 
with these private soldiers of the nation, and what a trustful and 



124 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

hopeful confidence he had in the overruHng providence of God. 
Between Lincoln and the "boys" of the army there was always an 
assured confidence in the end of the struggle. Do you remember 
the talk with General Sickles, after Gettysburg, when Sickles asked 
what he had thought about Gettysburg, and Mr. Lincoln answered, 
"I had no fears of Gettysburg, and if you want to know I'll tell 
you why. In the stress and pinch of the campaign there, I went to 
my room and got down on my knees and prayed Almighty God 
for victory at Gettysburg. I told Him that this was His country 
and that the war was His war, but that we couldn't stand another 
Fredericksburg or Chancellorsville. And then and there I made a 
solemn vow with my Maker that if he would stand by the boys 
at Gettysburg, I would stand by Him. And He did and so I will. 
No, General Sickles, I had no fear of Gettysburg, and this is why." 
What a wondrous insight into the character of this marvel- 
ous man. What a close communion between the "boys" of the 
army, Abraham Lincoln and the God of Battles. Is there any 
wonder that victory perched upon our banners, and that hope 
and faith remained unconquered and unconquerable? 



OHIO IN THE WAR. 

Ohio is justly proud of the record of her sons ; answering 
the calls of Abraham Lincoln she sent into the field 218 regiments 
and eleven companies of infantry, thirteen regiments and eighteen 
companies of cavalry, one regiment and twenty-seven batteries 
of light artillery, and two regiments of heavy artillery, making 
a grand total of 234 regiments, twenty-nine companies and twenty- 
seven batteries, numbering in all 319,659 soldiers, and of this 
number 24,590 died or were killed in battle. No other state 
exceeded her in loyalty and in the splendid record of her contribu- 
tion to the forces of the war. 

There was not a single battlefield worth mentioning in dis- 
patches, during the continuance of that long and desperate strug- 
gle, which did not number among its fighters some of the Ohio 
troops, and there was not a single contest, great or small, which 
did not add to the splendid reputation and the soldierly bearing of 



.^aassasaasssmmammKimmmSK. 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 125 

her sons. In addition to all of this Ohio contributed many of the 
great leaders whose names and fame have become a part of the 
nation's history — Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Crook, McPherson, 
Harker and McCook, all names which are a part of the nation's 
history and will forever remain a part of its glory. On this 
battlefield of Antietam, Ohio had ten regiments of infantry, the 
5th, 7th, 8th, nth, 12th, 23d, 28th, 30th, 36th and 66th and one 
battery of light artillery, McMullin's. It seems to be eminently 
proper that the State of Ohio should not only erect and dedicate 
moliuments upon this field to commemorate the achievements of 
the regiments and commands from that state and so mark for all 
time the points where her sons did battle, but it is equally fitting that 
it should erect a monument to mark the spot where one of her 
younger soldiers, in the performance of his duty, contributed to 
the comfort, and added to the strength and courage of that army. 
The monument to Sergeant McKinley upon this field will be an 
inspiration to the young men of the nation in all the years to come. 

It is an evidence of the possibilities in a land of universal 
freedom, for it is the proud boast of our institutions that there is 
no cot so lowly and no thatch so humble that it may not cover the 
proudest head in the land. Abraham Lincoln, the grandest char- 
acter that has moved upon earth since the advent of that Redeemer, 
1900 years ago, came from the humblest of homes and from the 
poorest of the people, to become the first in the land and to be loved 
and revered for all the centuries to come. 

William McKinley, without wealth, power, or pride of birth 
and place, came from the people to take his place in the foremost 
ranks of its citizenship, and, to become a worthy successor of the 
immortal leader who had gone before. Their names will go on 
down the centuries as the martyrs of the Republic and this monu- 
ment will stand as a lasting tribute to one of the "boys" whom 
Lincoln loved, and one of the men who has adorned and added to 
the name and fame of his country. 

THREE GREAT EPOCHS. 

If I were to write the history of my country I would divide 
its growth and grandeur into three great epochs : 



126 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

The First Epoch. From that marvelous Genoese, Christo- 
pher Columbus, whose lofty conceptions and daring, and adven- 
turous spirit, brought forth from that wondrous waste of waters 
a new world and a new empire to be given to mankind for its use 
and development, to George Washington, the founder of this 
Republic, whose wisdom and foresight has been the guiding star 
of the nation since the earliest beginning. 

The Second Epoch. From Washington, the founder, to 
Lincoln, the preserver. The one whose patient and indomitable 
will brought it through the fire and scourge of revolution and con- 
tention, until at last he saw it rise from the ashes of a great 
rebellion, like pure gold from the crucible of its fire and flame, 
to be again established upon the firm foundations of a lasting and 
permanent peace, without a single stripe erased from its flag, or a 
single star torn from the blue field of its greatness and glory. 

The Third Epoch. From Lincoln, the preserver, to 
McKinley, the upbuilder. The one who found the nation in the 
throes of financial rust and ruin only to put forth his hand for 
the uplifting of its prosperity and for the upbuilding of its power; 
to bring to every home and to every fireside the long hoped for and 
long expected comfort which comes from the contentment of labor 
fully employed and well rewarded, and the abundance which 
becomes a part of a prosperous and contented people. May the 
future have in store for us only a continuance of the blessings 
which God has granted in such bountiful measure to the American 
Republic. 

May the wisdom of its statesmen and the patriotism of its 
people ever lead us in the ways of righteousness and peace; and 
may the experiences of the past be but the safeguards and the bul- 
warks of the future, holding to that middle course which brings 
justice to all, and uplifts the masses to the plane of the best and 
the broadest liberty. This is our country today, and its glory is 
undimmed by disaster and unchecked by want or decay. 

THE VICTORY WAS FOR THE GOOD OF ALL. 

While I am congratulating my friends of the Union armies 
upon their magnificent victories and the restoration of the Union, 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 127 

I can the more earnestly congratulate those who battled upon the 
other side that they are again within the temple of American liberty, 
under one flag and guided by one destiny. There is not room 
within our borders for two contending republics ; one must be taken 
and the other left. It is a matter of deepest concern to us all that 
we are again reunited and that these battlefields are now the 
meeting places of one common people, instead of contending fac- 
tions battling for the mastery. The greatest victory gained by 
the South in that mighty conflict was the victory of peace, and with 
it came the security and safety which will be assured to them and 
their children for all the coming ages. No longer is there dissen- 
sion and strife ; no longer a divided and broken country. With 
one single purpose the sons of the men who fought on these bat- 
tlefields and contended so bitterly for the mastery are joining 
hands in the upbuilding of this marvelous Republic, and day by 
day are adding to its wealth, supremacy and power. No longer 
is the blood of the North and the blood of the South hot with the 
rivalry of hate and contention, but joining hearts and striking 
hands, we saw them moving up the smoking sides of San Juan, 
and fighting shoulder to shoulder at El Caney. 

We saw them rescuing a long suffering and struggling peo- 
ple from the oppression and despotism of three hundred years 
of Medieval bondage and lifting them to the plane of a more 
enlightened and intelligent citizenship. We saw the old world's 
oppressive and tyrannical laws give way before the broader and 
more enlightened legislation of a newer and better era of progress. 
We saw the flag which had brought only dungeons and despair 
pulled down from its fortresses and in its stead, lifted by a loyal 
people and assisted by patriotic Americans, we saw the flag of the 
Cuban Republic floating over Moro, and giving a new promise 
to the hopeful and trustful people of this island republic. As one 
people we are invincible; united there is no power upon the face 
of the earth which can match or master the American Republic. 

DANGER ONLY WITHIN THE REPUBLIC. 

Let us not be unmindful of our dangers or neglectful of the 
disasters which may threaten us. Contentions may arise within 



128 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

ourselves which may be more alarming than threatened invasions 
of foreign foes, or the opposition of foreign powers, for if disaster 
ever comes to America it will come from within and not from 
without the borders of the Republic. 

The wisdom of just and exact legislation to meet and curb 
the wild and wanton speculation of greedy and grasping mono- 
polies must hold in check every form of evil which would overturn 
our institutions and destroy the rightful competition which 
arises from free and untrammeled labor, and which is the safe- 
guard of the people and the foundation of our prosperity. The 
same wisdom must guarantee to every citizen, high and low, rich 
and poor, the right to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, 
and to hold in sacred and everlasting reverence the home and the 
fireside, and to throw around the family the strong arm of its pro- 
tecting care, and to keep within its influence the opportunities 
which may be opened for the good of the people and the safety 
of the country. 

Against such a people and against such a country the storms 
and waves of disaster and dissension may beat and lash themselves 
into fury in vain, for above them will arise a nation strong in its 
powers of self-government, sustained and upheld by a people who 
are enjoying equal and exact privileges, and whose greatest and 
broadest liberty is the liberty of the citizen regulated and 
restrained by law. Against such a country and such a people 
the armies of the earth would be but as dust before the hurricane. 



THE CRIMINAL AND DISSOLUTE NOT WANTED. 

While we open our doorways to the people of the world and 
bid them welcome, we should stand guard at our borders, to drive 
back the criminal and the dissolute and to forever exclude the 
anarchist and the communist. There is room in America for men 
and women who come to share with us the blessings of liberty 
and who are ready to be woven into the warp and woof of our 
American citizenship, but there is no room for those who would 
tear down and destroy the institutions which our fathers founded, 
and our brothers defended and preserved. 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 129 

We cannot forget that there is commingled here the best blood 
of all the nations of the earth and that every battlefield from 
Lexington to Appomattox has run red with the blood of those 
who came to be a part of and to share in the blessings of our 
liberty. 

I do not forget that my grandfathers came from Ireland and 
it is a proud satisfaction to know that their loyalty and the loyalty 
of their children is unquestioned. There will come no danger 
to this Republic from those who come with a firm purpose to make 
it a home and an abiding place, and with the anxiety to have their 
children share in the greater blessings which the American people 
enjoy. 

THE WOUNDS HAVE HEALED. 

It is a matter of congratulation that every wound of the war 
has been healed and that there is no longer a North or a South, 
an East or a West, but that within the bounds of the Union there 
is one common country to which we all owe and pay allegiance 
alike. It was upon these fields of battle that we learned to respect 
each other and discovered the "stuff" of which we were made. It 
was by this "wager of battle" that we found that there was in the 
American character a tenacious hold on right and a determined 
opposition to wrong, which had been implanted in the very begin- 
ning of our government, and has grown with our growth and 
become a part of the wisdom and character of our people. 

We found the rocks and shoals which had threatened to 
destroy the Republic, and blasted them away in the smoke and 
flame of battle. We brought back and reunited every section of 
the Union, bound together, not by thongs and cords, but with 
bands of iron and rails of steel reaching from the Penobscot to 
the Rio Grande. We opened the doorways to the people that they 
might enter upon the highways to prosperity and success. We 
struck hands with the men who had contended against us upon 
the battlefields of the nation and found that there was a stronger 
tie than hatred and a better bond of unity than contention and 
strife. We put down our arms that we might find the peace and 
contentment for which we had battled, and having found it we 

10 o. at A. 



130 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

made haste to share it with those who had so lately contended 
against us. 

Having tried the mettle of our adversaries, we found that 
they were Americans and belonged to the states of the Union. 

With a united and prosperous country, without dissension 
or strife, with one flag, one common purpose and one common 
destiny, against the world we are invincible. All the soldiers 
of Europe gathered together in one vast army, and marshalled 
by their greatest leaders, could not march from the Fishkill to 
the Monongahela. 



WE SHOULD PROFIT BY EXPERIENCE. 

We should, however, with one mind and one purpose upbuild 
our naval force, not for war nor yet for conquest, but for peace, 
universal peace. The guns of Dewey and the shots of Schley and 
Sampson demonstrated the power that comes from opportunity 
and preparation, for if danger comes it must first be felt upon 
our seaboard, and the wisdom of experience justifies a safe and 
certain method of preparation. 

There is nothing that wins and commands respect more force- 
fully than the knowledge that we are ready for any emergency, 
and no matter what may happen we are prepared to defend our 
own. There is no danger to our people from our own, and there 
is a sense of safety and security in a naval force sufficient for 
every possible emergency. 

The mighty leviathans which plow the seas and carry at 
their mastheads the stars and stripes are bearing no apples of dis- 
cord, and are seeking neither contention nor strife ; they, are only 
witnesses of the power and supremacy of a nation whose every 
hope is friendship, and whose every thought is peace. 

WHO CAN PREDICT THE FUTURE ? 

When the flag of Lee was lowered at Appomattox there were 
forty millions of people in America, now there are eighty mil- 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 131 

lions. Every part of the Union has been opened and developed 
by the energy and sagacity of our people. 

The whole land has been cobwebbed with iron and bound 
with steel; the Pacific and the Atlantic are shaking hands with 
each other; and standing upon the golden sands of the Pacific 
we can look across the mighty waste of waters and see our flag 
floating over the islands of the seas. Our vessels are bearing 
into every port of the world's entry the products of our soil and 
the manufactures of our people. 

Who can predict the future ? Who can tell us what the great- 
ness of America shall be? Who can measure the growth and 
grandeur of the nation during the centuries to come? Who can 
tell us of the influences we are to cast, for weal or woe, among 
the nations of the earth ? 

The little speck which the daring Genoese saw from the deck 
of his caravel, the Santa Maria, has grown into the foremost of 
all the nations of the earth, and is now the guiding star of all the 
peoples of the world. Will all this endure? Will the Republic 
founded by Washington, preserved by Lincoln and upbuilded by 
McKinley, remain as the hope and the guiding star of the nations 
of the world ? 

"Long as thine art shall love true love, 
Long as thy science truth shall know, 

Long as thine eagle harms no dove, 

Long as thy land by law shall grow. 

Long as thy God is God above. 

Thy brother every man below, 

So long, dear land of all my love. 
Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall grow." 

May God in His infinite mercy and wisdom hold this nation 
within the hollow of His hand. May it become the beacon light 
of the storm-tossed and oppressed. May it be the guiding star 
of the nations in the onward march to the universal brotherhood 
of man, and may it forever uplift and defend the liberties of the 
people and the unity of the Republic. 



132 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

Governor Nash, coming forward, said, "I have the pleasure 
of announcing that a distinguished general of the British army 
is here present today, being in this country with a view, among 
other objects, of inspecting a number of the important battlefields 
of the Civil War, and, on behalf of the Commission and assem- 
bled comrades, I request that he favor us with an address. I now 
have the honor of introducing General Ian Hamilton, of whom 
you have all heard." 



General Hamilton, coming to the front of the stage, said : 

Mr. Governor — ^Veterans of the War — Gentlemen: — It was 
Pericles who, in his great funeral oration at Athens, said that 
heroes had the whole world for their tomb. There is therefore, 
I trust, nothing inappropriate in a British officer, like myself, 
tendering his tribute of respectful homage to the fallen warriors 
of the Ohio State. As a child my boyish enthusiasm was first 
fired by the echoes which reached me from the seat of war, too 
young to know or realize anything of the rights or wrongs of the 
contest ; the names of Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Lee, and Stone- 
wall Jackson sounded like a trumpet call in my ear, and the echo 
of that call still reverberates. Never did men make nobler offer 
of their lives, than those to whose memory you have come to do 
honor. I am proud to be in the country of men who thus fought, 
and thus suffered, and to be the guest of their free and united 
descendants. 



The chairman, in introducing General Eugene Powell, said: 

We have present today the Commander of the 66th Ohio In- 
fantry in this battle ; that the regiment was composed of good sol- 
diers and that he was a good leader needs no further certificate 
than the fact that their monument now occupies the position they 
finally reached and occupied on the 17th of September, 1862. 

I now introduce the Colonel of the 66th Ohio Infantry, 
General Eugene Powell, of Columbus, Ohio. 






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DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 133 



Address by General Eugene Powell 

Mr. President, Ladies and Comrades : — President Lincoln, in 
addressing an assemblage of his fellow citizens upon the battle- 
field of Gettysburg, referred to the Union soldiers who had strug- 
gled there as having by their deeds consecrated that ground. 
You, my fellow comrades, were at Gettysburg, as well as here at 
Antietam, and I think you will agree with me in this that for the 
time of its duration, Antietam was the more desperate and deter- 
mined struggle, and that nowhere upon that field was that struggle 
more desperate and determined than in the vicinity of the little 
Dunker Church, where you with Mansfield's and Sumner's Veter- 
ans met those of Stonewall Jackson, flushed and elated as they 
were, by reason of their recent victory at Harper's Ferry, and 
throughout that eventful day fought fiercely with them for the 
mastery. If, then, endurance, courage and sacrifices can conse- 
crate any ground, then is this hallowed ground whereon you stand, 
where lie buried your honored dead, where stand monuments to 
perpetuate their memory, and where you and your fellow com- 
rades so courageously moved upon the established battle line of 
those who then denied the authority, defied the powers of this 
government, and were here arrayed in arms for its overthrow and 
dismemberment. 

Comrades, I assure you that it is a matter of the utmost 
pleasure for me to be here at this time, as thereby I am enabled to 
join with you in recalling recollections of the past, of those times 
when great dangers, great perils, threatened the existence of this 
government and a continuance of this Union. Those dangers 
were, however, averted, but they were only averted by your cour- 
age, endurance and sacrifices, when these grounds were conse- 
crated; when your comrades who lie buried here offered up life 
itself, that this government by the people might live ; that you and 
I might meet upon these grounds again, as we do, with the con- 
sciousness of the complete triumph of the Union cause, with a feel- 
ing of absolute certainty that it was, and is for the best, that that 
cause triumphed ; with a prayer of devout thankfulness within our 



134 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

hearts and upon our lips, for the peace and protection of the 
present and for the glorious outlook there is now and will be in 
the future for our country. Under such circumstances, then, 
as these do we revisit these historic hills, these peaceful plains, 
and look out upon this bright and beautiful landscape that greets 
and gladdens the eye, turn in whatever direction we please, as 
if nature desired thus to join with you in happily commemorat- 
ing this occasion. But, my comrades, was this always so? Are 
not these scenes, this situation, these surroundings of today very 
different from those we once looked out upon, from these same 
fields, these same ridges, on the 17th of September, '62, when about 
200,000 men in arms here confronted one another, to determine 
by battle which from here might advance, and which from here 
must retreat; and as the one advanced and the other retreated, 
so, necessarily, would and did rise and fall the standing, the 
prestige, of their respective causes and flags. You and your 
comrades settled that matter, and the armies of this Union, ad- 
vancing in triumph from here, gave to President Lincoln the 
opportunity of issuing, as a war measure, that Proclamation 
of Emancipation, which changed this Republic from being half 
slave and half free to one that was henceforth and forever to 
be entirely free ; and thus this Republic became one in fact, as it had 
heretofore been but in name. 

When your Civil War closed, and the sword, which had been 
appealed to by both parties as a court of last resort in the mat- 
ters at issue between the North and the South, stood ready to render 
its decree, that decree, as desired and so expressed by Grant, 
the great commander of the Union hosts, and by him addressed 
alike to Unionists and Confederates, was simply, "Let us have 
peace." Awaiting that decree, waiting whether you were to 
resume the ways of war or return to those of peace, you stood 
with ranks unbroken, with resources unlimited, with prestige 
untarnished, as the unconditional victor throughout this land, 
and not a hand could be raised to stop your progress, to change 
your course or conduct, whatever it might be ; but, with exultant, 
tumultuous triumph in your grasp, and defeat, if not despair, 
the portion of your foe, still not a single prisoner was executed 
to appease your vengeance, not a single captive graced in bonds 
the chariot wheels of your triumphal car, not a dollar the prop- 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 136 

erty of your foe, of that which, under the law of the land, could 
be regarded as property, was taken from them to fill your coffers, 
not a single load was imposed upon your foe, but that you took 
the same upon yourselves ; not a privilege or advantage was pos- 
sessed by you, but that you shared the same broadcast through- 
out this land, free to all who would accept, conditioned only 
that, like you, the recipients should, in exchange therefor, give 
allegiance and loyalty to the general government, and, like you, 
become citizens of this Republic, before whose laws all were 
to be upon an equality. If that was not generous, where, then, 
would you seek for generosity? If that was not humane, where, 
then, would you expect to find those qualities that beautify and 
adorn humanity? Seek not elsewhere, for the simple reason that 
there is no necessity for your so doing, as there, in those trans- 
actions, those occurrences that occasioned the downfall, the over- 
throw of the rebellion and the restoration of this Union, those 
qualities can all be found, and there, we trust, they ever will be 
found and admitted to exist, and stand, as now they do, out in as 
bold relief as stands the adamantine cliflf after the storm, to be 
pointed at and referred to with pride by succeeding generations, 
as they go by on the tide of time, as the most generous, for- 
bearing and humane acts that, up to that time, had ever taken 
place between man and man, under any such circumstances or 
conditions as these acts are revealed to us upon the pages of 
authentic history. 

Another matter, and one that has attracted the attention of the 
people of the civilized world, as well as being one that has filled 
the cup of thankfulness of the people of this country to the brim, 
is in the fact that your foe of that day are today your friends 
and fellow citizens, and contend only with you in that which 
constitutes good citizenship and devotion to your cause and flag. 
Since Appomattox they have faithfully kept all of the require- 
ments that they took upon themselves. They have defended, and 
stand ready to defend this Government, this Union, at home 
or abroad. From this it would seem as if the band that has 
bound these States together in the bond of the Union for over 
a century is still growing stronger, broader and better as time 
moves on. That this is so, that this shall prove to be so, is, I 
know, the hope, the expectation, of those who once met in deadly 



136 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

battle, of those who once moved across these fields, up the sides 
of these hills, to assail the then enemy of your country, and of 
those who then held these hills, occupied these fields, who were 
here assailed, and in turn became the assailants, but failed. Still, 
whatever those Confederates may then have lost, as soldiers, they 
certainly have since, as citizens of this reunited country, been 
able to much more than regain, by having earnestly and hon- 
estly joined with you and you with them in restoring this Union, 
in rebuilding the waste places caused by the war, in obliterating 
its wounds, scars and losses, thereby creating here between the 
lakes and the gulf, between ocean and ocean, a homogeneous 
people, one practically free from sectionalism, but full of patriot- 
ism, thus establishing that which you as a people always stood in 
need of, that which you as a people cannot safely do without, 
which is a strong government, being far from that which was 
once proposed for a part of this country, it consisting simply of 
a confederation of States, brought together and held together 
at the instance and by the influence of some one, but liable at 
any time to be torn asunder by anyone so inclined, under the 
cry of secession and the plea of supremacy of the section or State, 
a cry or plea that, sooner or later, if allowed, would tear down 
and destroy the fabric of any government. Not that for you, 
or entirely that which existed here, it being a mere union of States, 
bound together and held together by the ties, the trials, the glories 
of the past and the hopes of the future, and strong when threatened 
by dangers from without, but found to be weak when assailed 
by foe from within. Not the one or the other of these; but, 
instead, you have chosen to cling to that which sprang full fledged 
from out of the contentions of your Civil War, which was the 
possession by this Government of those powers that are abso- 
lutely necessary for a nation, it not having in its construction 
any provision for either division or disunion, but standing ready 
to defeat the one and destroy the other, never delaying action 
until riot or revolt shall have assumed the proportions of revo- 
lution, but in its own defense or in support of law and order 
shall, as it should, act upon the instant, whether such foes or 
dangers are from without or from within, intending thus to re- 
main intact, united, while time endures, and while time endures 
intends to continue to grow and to expand in strength, wealth 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 137 

and territory, being strong when strength is needed, powerful 
when power is demanded, and, in the field when confronting its 
foes, terrible, as should be an army with banners; but in peace 
being so peaceable that its powers and resources are seldom seen 
or realized by the world at large, and its burdens so light that 
these are hardly ever felt by its citizens. Such is the government 
that you have helped to create and defend, and a united, energetic 
people have caused it to grow with such marvelous strides in 
strength, wealth and territory that it stands, this nation stands 
today, the awe and admiration of the world. 

Comrades, you have just taken part in the dedication of mon- 
uments in memory of your dead, who fell here. May these monu- 
ments stand while this Union exists ; may succeeding generations 
catch inspiration as they look upon these statues erected here; 
may they thereby increase their love of country, renew and reit- 
erate their pledges of loyalty and devotion to this Republic, as 
they gaze upon these images in bronze, marbl'^ and granite of your 
fallen heroes, standing, as they do, in mute but sublime silence 
all over these fair fields and upon the sides and tops of these hills. 
This is right and is as it should be, for when these grounds were 
consecrated by those who here laid down their lives that this Gov- 
ernment by the people might live there were, and of necessity 
there had to be, heroes everywhere and no weak spot anywhere, 
either upon your right, upon your center or upon your left, and 
wherever those men stood, there they fell, and wherever they fell 
may monuments arise, and may their memory live forever, as 
we trust and believe this Union, this Government, will, which 
you and they here so successfully and heroically defended. And 
those with whom you then contended are now among the defenders 
and supporters of that same Government, that same Union, which 
they then sought to destroy, but which you so effectually main- 
tained. Such vast changes as these have you witnessed, and in the 
consummation of which you were leading actors ; but such changes 
and results could not have occurred had not generosity and human- 
ity controlled your conduct, and had not intelligence and honesty 
actuated your former foes in theirs. Contrast your conduct as 
well as compare your policy after a war with that of the Mexi- 
cans, after a war, the magnitude, the duration of which, in com- 
parison with that of your Civil War, causes theirs to sink into 



138. OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

insignificance. Still you pardoned, or rather acquitted, Jefferson 
Davis; but they executed Maximilian, and the blood of Maxi- 
milian cries yet aloud from the ground for reparation, and Car- 
lotta, his wife, while living, was but a memorial of this cruelty. 
Jefferson Davis, however, while living, while free to move at 
will anywhere in your midst, had less power to harm or hurt 
you or your cause than he would have had were he dead, had he 
been executed to appease your vengeance ; for since the history of 
this world tyranny, persecution, despotism reacts and, as a rule, 
against the tyrant, the persecutor, the despot; and as it was in 
the beginning, so undoubtedly will it be until wars shall occur 
no more, and the ways of war give place to those of peace. Peace 
was that for which you contended, that which you hoped to 
attain, and peace honorable alike for victor and vanquished was 
concluded, which was, with this Union restored, this Republic 
established, its sovereignty acknowledged, its laws respected and 
obeyed, and its foes citizens alike with you of this Union as 
reunited. This was the mighty task that devolved upon you. 
That task you performed thoroughly and well, and for which 
your fellow countrymen must forever hold you and a memory 
of your services in the highest honor and esteem. Men of Antie- 
tam, permit me to take advantage of this opportunity to bid you 
farewell, as it is altogether probable that as a body we may never 
meet again. I recognize you as being representative men of 
that grand army, the Army of the Potomac, which, under the 
able leadership of McClellan, saved this Union at Antietam, as, 
had you been defeated or retreated from here, 'recognition of the 
Confederacy and armed intervention by foreign powers would 
have surely followed, and then a division of this Republic was 
inevitable. Such a catastrophe you averted, as you caused the 
Confederate army to hasten and return within the bounds of the 
seceded States, and thereby satisfied foreign powers that not 
even the main Confederate army, that under Lee, could maintain 
itself upon the soil of the loyal States, and a brighter and bet- 
ter outlook dawned upon the Union cause, which was never again 
so seriously darkened by dangers from abroad, and you moved 
steadily on to suppress those at home, and the end devoutly 
hoped for finally came, which a kind Providence has vouchsafed 
to you the privilege of witnessing, as it has been given you to 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 189 

see your country united, prosperous and free. And having aided 
in such achievements then you have not lived in vain and your 
comrades who have fallen have not died in vain ; for much more 
than the fondest hopes, much more than the brightest visions, 
much more than the stern determinations of the loyalists of this 
land, who* there rose en masse in defense of this Union, have 
followed to vindicate such hopes and determination and prove 
that the cause of the Union was worthy of the blood and treasure 
it cost. Still, without such struggles and sacrifices as were ren- 
dered by you, this Union and that inestimable possession — a gov- 
ernment by the people — could not have been restored and be- 
queathed intact to your successors and by them handed on down to 
succeeding generations, conferring protection and providing a 
roadway to preferment open to all, without distinction of birth 
or exclusive privileges to any. This, then, in brief, is a record of 
your achievements, being the greatest of your generation, and 
when comes such another test of patriotism, God grant never, and 
that never again may such sacrifices and services be required; 
but, fortunately, with the requirements of that day also came 
the men ready to meet and capable of overcoming those great 
dangers and of restoring law, order and unity throughout this 
land. 

The great State of Ohio has recognized the gallant and patri- 
otic services that you have rendered your country, by causing 
suitable monuments to be erected here in honor of your respective 
military organizations, and for generations a record of your hero- 
ism will thus be preserved and handed down from age to age. 

In conclusion permit me to thank you for the attention that 
you have given me, and for the honor and pleasure of thus meet- 
ing you at Antietam ; and although this visit has been long de- 
layed, it is none the less appreciated and will be none the less 
enjoyed by you, as you realize that from this ground you com- 
pelled Lee's army to retreat, and thus rescued the loyal States 
from an invading foe, which was here threatening the existence 
of this Republic to an extent that had never occurred before, and 
we trust may never happen again. 

Dr. Lawrence Wilson, late ist Sergeant, Company D, 7th 
Ohio Infantry, of Washington, D. C, being called for, read 



140 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

the report of Major O. J. Crane, of the 7th Ohio, detaihng the 
movements and struggles of the 5th, 7th and 66th Ohio regiments 
in front of the Dunker Church at the battle of Antietam. 

Report of Major Orrin J. Crane, 7th Ohio Infantry, com- 
manding I St Brigade, of the battle of Antietam: 

"Hdqrs. 1ST. Brigade, 2d Division, 

"Banks' Army Corps, 
"Loudon Heights, Va., September 25, 1862. 

"Sir: — I have the honor to submit the following report of 
the part taken by the ist Brigade, 2d Division, in the battle of An- 
tietam, on the 17th September, 1862. The brigade was composed 
of the 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Major Ario Pardee, Jr., 
commanding; 5th Ohio Volunteers, Major John Collins com- 
manding; 7th Ohio Volunteers, Major O. J. Crane commanding, 
and the 66th Ohio Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Eugene Powell 
commanding. The brigade, under command of Lieutenant- 
Colonel H. Tyndale, 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was formed 
at 5 :30 a. m. in column of division, right in front. It was then 
marched in column about one mile, to a point of woods, where 
the enemy were in force and had engaged our right, holding them 
in check. At this point the order came to deploy column into 
line of battle, which was promptly executed. We then advanced 
a short distance into the woods, where the enemy were formed 
under cover of a fence. The action commenced. After exchang- 
ing a few shots, the engagement became general, which continued 
for an hour and a half of severe fighting, with great slaughter to 
the enemy, when the enemy gave way in confusion and disorder 
before the furious onset of our troops. We pursued them rapidly, 
capturing many prisoners and strewing the ground with their 
dead and wounded. After pressing them closely for a distance 
of one-half mile, we were obliged to slacken our fire, as our 
ammunition had given out, when, receiving a supply, we changed 
our line by the right flank and marched to an elevation, where we 
awaited the advance of the enemy, who was advancing in column 
of regiments. We then received orders to fall back under cover 
of the hill and awaited the advance of the enemy. When within 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 141 

a short range, our troops were quickly advanced to the top of 
the hill, where we poured into their advancing columns volley 
after volley. 

"So terrific was the fire of our men that the enemy fell like 
grass before the mower; so deadly was the fire that the enemy 
retired in great disorder, they not being able to rally their retreat- 
ing forces. 

"We charged them in a heavy piece of woods, driving them 
out of it, capturing a large number of prisoners (among them 
was a lieutenant-colonel and a lieutenant), and made terrible havoc 
in their ranks, covering the ground with their slain, many of them 
officers. We gained the woods and held our position for two 
hours, and were then ordered to retire and be relieved by other 
troops, under command of General Smith. 

"It is impossible at this time to speak of individual bravery, 
but I can say, without flattery, that all officers and men of the 
different regiments of the brigade nobly stood by their colors and 
did their duty well on that eventful day. 

"Lieutenant-Colonel Tyndale, while nobly doing his duty, 
was severely wounded. 

"Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Orrin J. Crane, 
"Commanding Brigade. 
"Brigadier-General Greene, Commanding 2d Division. 

"(LxDsses, 7th Ohio, 5 killed and 33 wounded.)" 

President Cunningham introduced Comrade John Finn, 8th 
O. V. I., of Washington, D. C, who said : 

Mr. Chairman, Governor Nash, Gentlemen of the Commis- 
sion, Ladies and Gentlemen : I deem it a great privilege to be 
called upon to address this vast assemblage composed of the rank 
and file who fought on this field, and as well the Governor and 
dignitaries of the grand old State of Ohio, assembled here today 
for the purpose of dedicating monuments to Ohio's sons, the living 
and the dead, who fought on this field forty-one years ago. 

My observation of the Antietam battlefield on September 
17th, 1862, was that of a private soldier, and confined to the limit 



142 



OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



of the immediate surroundings of where my regiment was en- 
gaged in battle. 

If you will kindly bear with me for a few moments, I will 
endeavor to bring you from Harrison's Landing, Virginia, to 
the "Bloody Lane" at Antietam, where the 8th Ohio Volunteers 
fought for four and one-half hours, gaining a victory from over- 
whelming numbers, such as is not accredited to any other regi- 
ment that fought on this field. 

The Army of the Potomac broke camp at Harrison's Land- 
ing, Virginia, August i6, 1862, and marched to Newport News. 
The 8th Ohio embarked on an ocean steamer, the "Cahawba," and 
debarked at Aquia Creek, August 25 ; re-embarked on the "Long 
Island," and landed at Alexandria, Virginia, August 28; from 
there to the Second Bull Run battlefield; thence to the Chain 
bridge, crossed the Potomac, and onward to South Mountain 
and Antietam. 

The 2d Corps was supporting the artillery back of the bluffs 
on the Keedysville side of the Antietam Creek all of the day 
and night of the i6th of September. The rebel artillery was 
located on the ridge in front of Sharpsburg, and the firing from 
both sides was incessant and terrific for the entire day. In the 
dusk of the evening a most terrific artillery duel opened. The 
red glare of flame along the lines of battle made a spectacle 
brilliant beyond comparison. The loss on our side was compar- 
atively small, but one man killed of my company, W. W. Farmer, 
killed at my side. At daylight of the 17th the roar of artillery 
and din of battle could be heard, and orders were given to be 
ready to move at a moment's notice. About 7 o'clock the 2d Corps 
unstacked muskets and moved back towards Keedysville, then 
filed to the left and back again towards Antietam Creek, which 
was forded, the stream then waist deep. After crossing the river. 
General French formed his line of battle hastily, brigade front. 
General Max Weber first, Colonel Dwight Morris second and 
General Nathan Kimball third. We advanced in this order under 
a heavy fire of shot and shell until we reached the Roulette farm 
and outbuildings. Here we struck the rebels, who fell back 
through the orchard and ploughed field to the crest of a hill 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 143 

back of the Roulette buildings and in a sunken road on the same 
crest further to the left. From this position they poured in such a 
deadly fire that the first and second brigade gave way and sought 
cover. At this point of the battle General Kimball ordered his 
brigade to fix bayonets and carry the crest of the hill at a double- 
quick and pass Weber's and Morris' brigades. This movement 
was made under a terrible fire of shell and grape and a continu- 
ous sheet of musketry. The crest of the hill was carried in front 
of the whole brigade, but at a most terrible sacrifice of lives. 

The rebels having retreated to the sunken road, or what is 
now termed the "Bloody Lane," this point was their advanced 
position along our front during the remainder of the battle, and 
here carnage reigned supreme for four and a half hours. 

Our muskets became foul and our ammunition exhausted. 
The ground was covered with arms and cartridge-boxes of am- 
munition of the dead and wounded. These were gathered up 
by the officers and distributed amongst us. 

Several eflforts were made by the rebels to reinforce the 
J^orth Carolinians who held the sunken road in our immediate 
front, but all to no purpose, as none of the fresh troops could 
advance past midway of the cornfield. One fresh line emerged 
from the Sharpsburg Heights and advanced splendidly. It was 
commanded by an officer mounted on a white charger. All of us 
admired the spectacle and appreciated the situation. The rebel 
line came down about midway of the cornfield, when a volley 
struck it. Its gallant leader with his horse fell; the line reeled, 
broke and fled. Then it was that the fire from the sunken road 
commenced to grow faint, and occasionally a rag, handkerchief 
or cap would appear in sight from the point of a ramrod. A sec- 
tion of artillery was giving us a raking fire; the infantry were 
moving on our flank towards the Roulette buildings. A change 
of front, left wing forward, of the 8th Ohio and 14th Indiana 
threw us in their front, and a well directed volley broke them, and 
they fled to the woods. The change of front brought us into the 
sunken road, where we captured 300 prisoners, many of them 
being wounded. The regiment carried into action 17 officers and 
324 enlisted men. Its losses were 2 officers killed, 7 officers 



144 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

wounded, 31 enlisted men killed and 122 enlisted men wounded; 
aggregate, 162 killed and wounded. 

In this battle the brigade had won renown, and General 
Sumner pronounced it the Gibraltar Brigade, and as such it will 
ever be known in history. 

The dead of our regiment were buried in Roulette's orchard, 
and their graves carefully marked. 

On the morning of the 19th a single rebel shot was fired at 
us from one of their pieces of artillery. It was a parting salute, 
and indicated a retreat back to old Virginia. The battlefield pre- 
sented a ghastly appearance. The rebel dead were unburied, 
greatly swollen and black. The sunken road in the front of 
where our line fought was literally filled with dead. The corn- 
field was covered with dead, among which was the gallant officer 
and his milk white steed, lying as they had fallen, pierced with 
numerous balls. We never learned who he was. Yet his cool 
bravery had excited our admiration. 

I feel highly honored to be privileged to be with you today. 
My purpose in visiting this field was to observe what had been 
done by the several States in commemoration of one of the 
hardest fought battles of the war of the rebellion, if not the 
hardest. I find that many monuments and markers are now in 
position, and that it will be but a question of a short time when 
all the States whose soldiers were represented on this field will 
fall into line and make this the great historic battlefield of the 
Civil War. 

What an attraction for the tourist or the visitor to our 
National Capital! A two hours' ride to Antietam battlefield! I 
believe the day is not far distant when an electric line will be estab- 
lished that will make the run in less than ninety minutes. 

Yes, I visited this field today because I was invited here by Cap- 
tain W. W. Miller. I would not miss this occasion to pay homage 
to the Ohio soldier. I visited this field forty-one years ago, on 
September i6th and 17th, 1862, and was accorded a much warmer 
reception than on this occasion. Captain Miller did not invite 
me in 1862, although we served together for three years in the 
same regiment, the 8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In 1862 it was 
my duty to come here ; my country was in danger. That grand old 
man, Abraham Lincoln, "peace to his ashes" (through "Little 



=3: 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 145 

Mac," Major-General George B. McClellan), extended a special 
invitation for the Army of the Potomac to visit the suburbs of 
Washington at the expense of the nation. We came; we con- 
quered. Thank God for it. 

Today is Ohio day on this field, a sacred day in commem- 
oration of those of our late comrades who gave their lives on 
this battlefield, and we, who have been spared these many years, 
can say : "See what Ohio has done for me. My monument is 
located on the far front, on the Emmetsburg road at Gettysburg. 
Another monument will be found away in the advance in the 
'Bloody Lane' at Antietam ; and, again, my name appears in the 
archives of the great State of Ohio, and, as well, in the archives 
of the Government at the capital of the nation, where it will be 
preserved forever and ever." 

The Chairman introduced Colonel Edwin Frey, of the 28th 
Ohio Infantry, of Cincinnati. 

Colonel Prey's remarks : 

Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen : As surviving members of 
the 28th Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, in recognition of whose 
services, as participants in the great struggle for the preserva- 
tion of the Union more than forty years ago upon this now sacred 
field, and to commemorate which the monument we have this 
day come to dedicate, desire to express their deep sense of obli- 
gation to the people of our State, who, through their representa- 
tives in the Legislature, gave in this tangible and visible method 
expression to their appreciation of our regiment's service during 
the graphic ordeal on that ever memorable day. 

The adage of old, that republics are proverbially ungrateful, 
is surely not borne out in this instance. This beautiful, hand- 
some and artistic block of granite testifies that the noble people 
of the State whose colors we so proudly bore on this field of car- 
nage have not only not forgotten the services rendered the nation 
and the State by the boys in blue, but manifest their approbation 
by this token of their esteem. 

The 28th Ohio, better known at home as the 2d German, 
was organized in the city of Cincinnati in the early days of 1861, 

*ii o. at A. 



146 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

and finally mustered into the service of the United States on the 
13th day of June of that year, under the gallant leadership of 
that sterling soldier of Mexican War fame, Augustus Morr. Its 
ranks held 1,000 strong and vigorous German artisans, whose love 
for liberty had induced them to leave their fatherland and seek 
a home in this land of the free, and, like true lovers of freedom, 
the call of the immortal Lincoln for defenders of the Union and 
the perpetuity of its sacred institutions found them eager to rally 
to the defense of the Republic and offer their lives and their all 
upon the altar of their adopted country. 

No motive of pelf or promise of future reward, no pay- 
ment of bounty induced them to follow the flag, but the exalted 
love of country and the inborn love of freedom alone caused them 
to bid adieu to loved ones and go forth to battle for the perpetuity 
of the Union. 

After months of hard campaigning, weary marches and many 
sanguinary conflicts with the enemy in our neighboring West 
Virginia, called from the extreme southern border of that com- 
monwealth, decimated already in numbers by loss in battle, dis- 
ability through wounds and disease, footsore and weary, after 
having aided in driving the enemy across historic South Moun- 
tain, but a few miles away, to the very brink of the Potomac, 
we stood here upon this field in line of battle, again facing the 
foe, maneuvering here and there, from one position to another, 
as the exigencies of the day demanded, until we finally reached, 
in advancing upon the enemy, the position commemorated by this 
monument. Unfortunately this position was not obtained with- 
out a gory sacrifice, for many of our dead comrades gave their 
lives' blood that it might be secured, and, from the fording of the 
Antietam at Burnside's bridge where, fiercely assailed by the 
well protected foe, every step made in advance was stubbornly 
contested by the enemy, one by one, from morning until the 
shades of evening drew nigh, comrades dropped out of ranks in 
answer to war's cruel fate, and when night at last crept over 
the blood stained field, enshrouding in its folds the havoc made 
in this day's fierce encounter, it fell to our regiment's lot, though 
weary and worn, to protect, as sentries of the night, the ex- 
hausted comrades of the army in their repose upon the tented 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 147 

field. Thus we held the line from the extreme left of said posi- 
tion to beyond Antietam's sluggish waters. 

Permit me, comrades, to recall to memory an incident of most 
pathetic import, occurring during the vigil of that memorable 
night. Just before the dawn of day, while eagerly on the alert 
for any sound indicating a movement of the enemy, I heard the 
familiar tramp of moving men. Soon I discovered the vague 
shadows of a moving column approaching the reserves. Halted 
by the sentry, I approached the officer in command, asking the 
cause of the movement at this hour, when informed that he was 
ordered to relieve the 28th Ohio from its duty on the line. Not- 
icing the small complement of men accompanying the regimental 
colors, I made inquiry as to the whereabouts of the balance of 
his regiment. The reply, given in a sad, grave voice, I never 
shall forget, impressed, as it was then, by the terrible, and often 
ghastly experiences of the battle witnessed that day. "Sir," he 
replied, "they lie buried at Malvern Hill." Baring my head, I 
silently grasped his hand, and then expressed my regrets that, 
although the remnant of his regiment, a phalanx of living heroes, 
yet one hundred would not replace a line of six hundred men. 
He departed as he came, a spectral shadow of the past. 

Our ranks, too, dear comrades, at the close of the struggle 
for the preservation of the Union, showed the heavy hand of 
war's merciless demand. Of the 1,000 gallant sons of the father- 
land that left home with buoyant steps, to the sweet strains of 
martial music, but 300 answered to their names at the final muster 
out. So we, too, had tears to shed, though Malvern Hill was 
not their resting place. 

And now, in conclusion, beloved comrades, permit me to 
extend to each of you a hearty greeting and a fervent welcome 
to the field your valor helped to maintain against our country's 
enemy, and to solicit the Governor of our State, representing 
the sovereign, noble people of Ohio, to carry back to them our 
deep appreciation of the honor conferred upon our organization 
in the erection of this token to our devotion to the Union, our love 
for its sacred cause, and our fidelity to the State, trusting that 
as our days here below are numbered and can be but few, that 
our sons and grandsons shall remember the deeds of their fathers 
and sires here and upon other fields of carnage for the country 



148 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 

of their adoption, now their native land, and emulate their action 
by similar devotion to duty, should occasion ever arise that calls 
for a defense of the glorious principle of liberty. 

Closing prayer, ofifered by Chaplain W. R. Parsons: 

God of our fathers, we come at the bidding of our people of 
the commonwealth of Ohio to dedicate these monuments, erected 
in memory of the valor and devotion of her soldiers, who gave 
their lives for freedom and humanity. In the awful struggle of 
battle, by the blessing of Almighty God, amid the thunder of war, 
we won the power to command our fate as a nation. Thou, Infinite 
One, hast held out to us the grandest future ever reserved for 
any people. Make us worthy of our lineage and inheritance. Our 
fathers hoped in Thee ; they trusted in Thee, and Thou didst de- 
liver them. O Lord, our King, how excellent is Thy name in all 
the world; Thou hast set Thy glory above the heavens and 
throughout the whole earth. We need not soar above the skies 
and leave suns and stars below, and seek Thee with unclouded 
eyes in all that angels know — the breath we now inhale, the pulse 
of every heart, attests Thy presence with a force that cannot fail. 
O God, Thou art, Thou art ! 

It was here amid the fields and forests that two vast armies 
met in awful battle, and death was on all sides. May we read 
that bloody September day aright. Nothing can escape the 
questioning of men, and these scenes of blood and carnage cannot 
escape. The faith that makes the loftiest claim is under the fierce 
light of inquiry. Patriotism is the greatest lesson taught us by 
heroes, living or dead. It is not a phantom of the imagination, 
but is as real as human consciousness and is the voice of God. 
And we learn that the sacrifices and the loyalty of the heroes who 
sleep in these unrocked cradles made possible the sublime glory, 
peace and good will of our country — one nation and one flag. 

Great God, we thank Thee that we have made the grandest 
history in recorded time; that the banner under which these 
soldiers died still waves above us, not a stain on its folds, not a 
cloud on its glory; that from being the tenth power among the 
nations of the globe we have won a first place among the great 
powers that rule the world, and grant, O Lord, that we may use 



DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS. 149 

this power to Thy honor and glory, and so the heavens come down 
and the earth go up. 

These monuments, which loving hands have erected to the 
memory of our brave comrades, will ever bear witness to their 
patriotism and loyalty. Their glory shall endure forever and go 
with America's drum beat around the world and spread everywhere 
the gospel of liberty and of God. 

Alleluia ! The Lord God omnipotent reigneth "and the gov- 
ernment of the people, for the people and by the people shall live 
forever." Amen and Amen. 

At the close of the dedicatory services all those present pro- 
ceeded to visit the Antietam battlefield and inspect the monuments 
erected by the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission for and in 
behalf of the State of Ohio. 



150 OHIO AT ANTIETAM. 



FINANCIAL STATEMENT. 



Columbus, Ohio, February 19, 1904 

The Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission, 
In Account with the State of Ohio. 

To appropriations made by the Seventy- 
fifth General Assembly $23,500 00 

By cash paid The Hughes Granite and 
Marble Company, of Clyde, Ohio, for 
monumental work $21,150 00 

By cash paid for sites for monuments 500 00 

By cash paid surveyor, notary, etc 51 40 

By cash paid for preparing inscriptions 

for monuments 75 00 

By cash paid for expenses of dedication 
of monuments, other than expenses 
of members of Commission 255 60 

By cash paid for expenses of members of 

Commission 924 40 

By cash paid for printing, telegraphing, 

half-tone plates, etc 174 04 

By balance unexpended, this date 369 56 

$23,500 00 $23,500 00 



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